Universal Healthcare The Pros and Cons - 1293 Words

Universal Healthcare: The Pros and Cons On March 23, 2010 the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was signed by President Obama, raising the question for many of whether this new law was going to be more helpful or hurtful. With universal healthcare, healthcare coverage would be increased tremendously, costs would be reduced, jobs would be created, and consumers would be protected. Conversely, it will also raise taxes and wait times, lead to a smaller number of doctors, and infringe on some employers’ 1st amendment rights. Presenting both arguments for and against the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act allows one to draw a conclusion on whether the new program will benefit or hinder the citizens of the United States.†¦show more content†¦It was stated earlier in this paper that big businesses would benefit from this law; however, the exact opposite is true for small businesses. Businesses will be forced to provide healthcare for their employees or pay a fine, something they may not be able to afford. This may result in employees’ hours being cut or even the termination of the employee (â€Å"ObamaCare†). The PPACA will also have a direct negative impact on the medical field as a whole. By 2025 there is expected to be a shortage of nearly 52,000 physicians. This, coupled with the number of office visits increasing over 100 million times, will put incredible strain on the healthcare system (â€Å"The Patient Protection†). This will cause wait times for medical treatment to be greatly increased. Patients will be more likely to go to the emergency room for minor treatments, such as coughs due to colds, thus causing patients with real emergencies to wait even longer. Also, there will be no competition for patients. This competition is what encourages health care workers to excel in their specialties and to become better. This may even cause fewer people to choose to pursue a career in the medical profession (Irela nd). One of the more controversial arguments against universal healthcare is the effect it will have on known religious-based businesses. As stated earlier, with the PPACA businesses will be required to provide health insurance for their employees that would includeShow MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of Universal Health Care874 Words   |  4 PagesCourse Introduction Assignment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In a country where healthcare is a decision, many debate if our country should keep our health care system privatized. Health care is an essential need in society because individual health can change at any time without warning at any time. While there are both pros and cons of this system, the pros outway the cons. I believe that our nation should ensure basic health care to all legal citizens, no matter the class. Many Americans fall into circumstancesRead MoreErerere736 Words   |  3 PagesCon: Longer Wait Times When health care is extended to everyone, it can be used too often. And with free access, a patient may go to the emergency room with the sniffles, causing longer wait times for those who have real emergencies. Access to family doctors and specialists may also be limited due to too many patients and not enough doctors. Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/30692-pros-cons-universal-health/#ixzz1KlELOteI The costs that are required for universal health careRead MoreUs Healthcare Plan Vs. Uk Healthcare909 Words   |  4 PagesUS Healthcare Plan vs. UK Healthcare Plan While it s difficult to estimate the exact number of Americans without health insurance at any given moment, most credible sources place this figure at between 40 and 45 million. In other words, one American in seven lacks even basic health insurance coverage (How Many Americans Really Do Not Have Health Insurance? n.d.). The responsibility of an average American today, is to obtain healthcare insurance through private insurance, employer benefits, orRead MorePros And Cons Of Universal Health Care895 Words   |  4 PagesTo be: A comprehensive in depth review addressing the various sides of providing Americans with a Universal Healthcare system and weighing its Pros and Cons. 33 million people in the United States did not have healthcare in 2014, according to the US census bureau. America, one of the richest nations in the world does not provide healthcare for its citizens. Although, so many nations do. Healthcare is a basic right that should be provided for by the U.S citizens regardless of religion, age, raceRead MorePro Con Universal Health Care Essay602 Words   |  3 PagesI didn’t bulk this into a PRO and CON section per say. I felt like it would flow better and make more sense if I could play pro/con on each system. Should the US have some form of universal health care? I must say prior to watching this video I was very uneducated yet very judgmental on the issue of universal health care President Obama is trying to push right now. I remember reading not too long ago in the paper that by 2016 if a US citizen doesn’t carry insurance they will be penalized on theirRead MoreThe New Healthcare Reform Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States healthcare system has failed Americans because the government has treated it as though only the wealthy should be taken care of. Universal Healthcare has benefited industrialized countries like Sweden, France, and Canada because they recognize the fact that healthcare should be a human right, and not a privilege. The debate continues over whether the reform will benefit the people and not put the government into greater debt while politicians are raising the constitutional flagRead MoreHealth Insurance : An Institutionalized Right Rather Than A P ersonal Choice Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesas the discussion of a healthcare mandate. The decision to require health insurance by all Americans has led to a split between those who support health care as a required right, and those who do not. Those who support the health insurance requirement believe it will lead to an increased population coverage and better benefits; those who do not, believe these changes give the government too much influence on the healthcare system and that the quality of current healthcare will be diminished. WithinRead MoreUniversal Health Care730 Words   |  3 Pagesvalues; those for universal health care desire to see the government help others, mainly the lower class, and those who do not, wish that private companies be allowed to continue taking advantage of the status quo for profit. In this paper, I will argue why the Government should put in place The Universal Healthcare Systems.[1] Chapter 1 I think as a US citizen everyone should be entitled to healthcare, especially theRead MoreHealthcare Systems And The United Kingdom1547 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper outlines the differences between the healthcare systems of the United States and the United Kingdom and expands on what that means for the health and wealth of the citizens of these countries. The U.S. and the U.K. are two different countries with two very different healthcare systems. The U.S. healthcare system is the Affordable Care Act, (ACA) and is the attempt by the U.S. to provide affordable healthcare coverage. he U.K. healthcare system is publicly financed and managed by the NationalRead MoreThe Right Of Health Care1082 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States did not have health insurance in 2012 according to the U.S. Census Bureau. The United States and Mexico are the only countries of the 34 members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) that do not have universal health car e. Proponents of the right to health care say that no one in the richest nation on earth should go without health care. They argue that a right to health care would stop medical facilities from going bankrupt, it would improve the health

Identity, By Toni Morrison s Sula - 1441 Words

Identity is who a person is or how they see themselves, but is this something they are born with or is it something they learn over time? Can this identity be changed? Or is it permanent once set? Identity is a major theme in Toni Morrison’s Sula. Scholars discuss the different identities that the characters possess, but tend to fail to mention character development or lack of character development. Character development or lack thereof is usually an important literary move in most writing. This development provides a deeper understanding of characters in addition to a deeper understanding of themes throughout the literature. Sula focuses mainly on the lives of Sula and Nel, which makes tracking their character development easier to track and observe their identity and sense of self. Identity is a major, yet easily overlooked theme in Sula. Sula as the main character in which the book is named, would be expected to have quite the character development as the story progresses, but this is not how the story progresses. Sula, as a child, receives little attention from her mother and grandmother (Reddy). This forces her to learn how to care for herself as well as become independent at young age, thus her childhood being cut short. Sula’s mother, Hannah, has a well know reputation for sleeping with all of the men of the Bottom (Reddy). Although Sula disapproves of her mother’s tendencies, her mother’s actions make their mark on Sula’s personality which we see later in the book.Show MoreRelatedToni Morrison: the Bluest Eye and Sula Essay2313 Words   |  10 Pagescountry where as late as the 1860s there were laws prohibiting the teaching of slaves, it was necessary for the oral tradition to carry the values the group considered significant. Transition by the word of mouth took the place of pamphlets, poems, and novels. Themes such as the quest for freedom, the nature of evil, and the powerful verses the powerless became the themes of African- American literature. In a book called Fiction and Folklore: the novels of Toni Morrision author Trudier Harris explainsRead MoreTheme Of Sula By Toni Morrison1195 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Potter 5 September 2017 Paper 1 In Toni Morrison’s novel â€Å"Sula†, identity is a theme that is made evident through the struggles and experiences of certain characters. In chapter 1919, Morrison tells the story of World War II veteran Shadrack, through an omniscient narrator point of view. In doing so, the reader is able to clearly see how Shadrack himself processes what is going on around him, and how his identity is being shaped. Morrison introduces the character as the founder of NationalRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1474 Words   |  6 Pagessame in a person after all these years? Toni Morrison, in her novel Sula, suggests that our inner selves do not change as much as we think. Through a consistent emphasis on body parts, color, and physical appearance, Morrison illustrates the coexistence of change and stability that lie within each person’s body and identity. Though it appears that people can easily alter their identities to fit their desires, Morrison ultimately emphasizes that one’s identity does not change over time because one’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1631 Words   |  7 PagesFor Sula Peace and Nel Wright, in Sula, defining oneself in a pool of racism and varying moral standards is by no means challenging. Through a vivid and consistent emphasis of color and physical appearance, author Toni Morrison effectively outlines Sula and Nel’s at tempts to comprehend and create their personal identities separate from the own mothers’ influences. Based on their situations, it appears that anyone can easily alter their character and self to fit their desires. However, Morrison ultimatelyRead MoreSula Birthmark Analysis1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birthmark and Sula: Forced Identity Toni Morrison’s novel Sula, examines a wide range of topics, delving particularly into morality, the black female experience, and friendship. The narrative follows childhood best friends, Nel and Sula, as they navigate life in the Bottom, a black community in Ohio. Although inseparable as children, even undivided after accidentally killing a two-year-old boy, they follow divergent paths as adults. Nel leads a life of conformity; Sula does the opposite. AnRead MoreAll Throughout Toni Morrison’S Work Sula, The Author Focuses1992 Words   |  8 Pages All throughout Toni Morrison’s work Sula, the author focuses on several topics and theme throughout her book that once played an important role in the everyday lifestyle of those during the time the book was published. Today, these issues are still very much present and hold a great concern in our day to day society. However, out of all the topics that are woven into Sula, it is the issues of identity that shines the brightest. Born in Ohio on February 18th, 1931, Morrison’s family originally cameRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrisson s Sula 1359 Words   |  6 Pagesexpediently bigoted dynamic in which women are only encouraged to be sexual to an extent. The idea of women being self-confident, even single-minded, in cultivating rousing sex lives is still often looked upon as immoral and impure. In Toni Morrisson’s novel Sula, not only is female sexuality lopsidedly categorized, it is seen as worthy for castigation. Missing from the main conceptualization is the blunt acknowledgement that female promiscuity can be empowering. A woman can derive power fromRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula 1906 Words   |  8 PagesSula is written by Noble Prize winner in Literature, Toni Morrison. Morrison’s novels are known for their epic themes, dramatic dialogue, and opulently detailed characters. This novel contains originality and overflows with problematic situations that take place during the time after World War I. Sula opens up in a town called Bottom, which is mostly occupied by African Americans. This town is positioned, in the hills above the mostly white, wealthier community of Medallion, Ohio. This town hasRead MoreToni Morrison s Beloved : Dehumanization Of Slavery And Its Effects On African Americans And Their Basic Forms Of1268 Words   |  6 PagesToni Morrison’s Beloved shows the dehumanization of slavery and its effects on African-Americans and their basic forms of existence—specifically motherhood. Morrison depicts the strong maternal bond between Sethe and her ch ildren. Most importantly, her use of Sethe’s controversial act of infanticide shows the lengths that Sethe will take to protect her children from slavery. Morrison’s depiction of Sethe’s motherhood shows how slavery has deconstructed the Eurocentric expectations and traditionsRead MoreAnalysis Of Toni Morrison s Sula Essay1804 Words   |  8 PagesOpposite and Similarity Attract in Sula Most of people find themselves attracted to someone very unlike them, a phenomenon called â€Å"opposites attract†. People are usually drawn to those whose personality, characteristics or habits are opposite to them because they are fascinated by the differences and are curious of exploring what they have never experienced before. Throughout history, many writers attempt to explore and investigate the cause of this absorbing human trait by analyzing their characters’

Collaborative Narrative Reflection Qualitative Research

Collaborative Narrative Reflection Qualitative Research Methods provided insight and experience into field research and the issues experienced in various areas of study, such as: claims, validity, trustworthiness, in-depth field work, data collection, and analysis. Furthermore, the course provided framework for different methodologies within qualitative research that will create an understanding as students move into the next phase of the doctoral program. Some of the methodological designs discussed throughout the course are: designs of narrative, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case studies. Learning qualitative research methodologies through hands-on practice with inferential observation, in-depth interviewing, synthesis, wrestling with trustworthiness, and analyzing qualitative data were essential ways to impart the skills necessary to do qualitative research. Inferential Observation Inferential observation is the ability to draw conclusions based on the observations made. When making inferential observations in qualitative research the researcher makes careful observations by carefully recording every detail. Simply recording what someone says word-for-word is known as low-inferential observation but carefully recording details and drawing conclusions about who, what, where, why, and when is high-inferential observation. A qualitative researcher wants to perform high-inferential observation to get the best possible evidence to answer theShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between One s Biases, Frameworks, And Methodology900 Words   |  4 Pagesnature and approaches of qualitative research. Through individual study and group collaboration, we have navigated a deep topic of engagement that has shaped my perspective of future research and inquiry. Through this process I have discovered the importance of collaboration; the relationship between one’s biases, frameworks, and methodology; the importance of credibility and validity, and the nature in which one’s collaborative approach serves the investigation of the research question. Let us firstRead MorePhenomenology: Scientific Method and Research3324 Words   |  14 PagesPhenomenology as Research Method by Beverley Campbell, Victoria University of Technology Outline of the paper This paper is an account, the interweaving, of the narrative of the writing of my own thesis using a phenomenological approach, with my developing interest in phenomenology as research method. My study of personal transformation provides the context for these reflections on phenomenology as research method. I have spoken in other forums about the content of the research; in this paperRead MoreEvaluation Of An Action Research Project1274 Words   |  6 PagesEvaluation of an Action Research Project In action research, an individual or a group of colleagues applies scientific methods to real-life problems or issues occurring within a work or educational environment (Conscious Educating, 2009a). According to Dr. Waddell, â€Å"action research seeks to accomplish two goals, which are to stimulate learning and make a difference† (Waddell, 2007). Teachers, researchers, and administrators all evaluate, investigate, and analyze problems or concepts in hopes of improvingRead MoreThe Effect On Student Perception And Progress If General Education2225 Words   |  9 PagesNaomi Lara Dr. Robinson GED 500 Summer 2015 Paper #1: FBP Qualitative Reconstruction Foreshadowed Problem The purpose of the research was to determine the effects on student perception and progress if general education teachers and special education teachers were given training and resources to develop more meaningful frameworks for collaboration. In order to more equitably serve students in special education general education teachers will need opportunities to gain a deeper understanding ofRead MoreReflective Thinking And Schon s Theory Of Self Study2371 Words   |  10 Pagestheory of reflective thinking and Schà ¶n’s (1983) concept of â€Å"reflection in action,† self-study, though growing respect in the education community as a mechanism for improving practice and increasing the knowledge base on teaching, is an emergent research design in need of new perspectives and strategies (Zeichner, 2007). Much has been written in the last decade about the components necessary for selfstudy to serve as a viable research design that integrates theory and practice (Loughran, 2004). ItRead MoreEffectiveness the Implementation of Peace and Order Ordinance at Barangayn7685 Words   |  31 Pages13 Masagca, J. T., Masagca, M. T. Chunxiang, M. (2009). Enhancing Governance of the Barangay: Reflections of Academics, JOAAG, Vol. 4. No.2 Enhancing Governance of the Barangay: Reflections of Academics  Ã‚   Jimmy T. Masagca 1  Ã‚   Manrico T. Masagca 2 M. Chunxiang 3 Abstract This paper presents the insights of selected academics on local governance of the Barangay, the basic political unit (BPU) in the Philippines. Participants were pre†selected and their representations were determined using the ethnographicRead MoreAction Research and Autoethnography5049 Words   |  21 PagesAutoethnography and Action Research Introduction Within this literature review two emerging research methodologies will be discussed: Action research and autoethnography. Each of these methodologies has their own purposes, powers and strengths and both differ from other traditional forms of academic research. To gain an understanding of these methodologies, 16 pieces of empirical research have been used. Although two articles are dated back to the 1990s, the majority of research is from the 2000s andRead MoreComparing the Epistemologies Governing the First and Second Order Cybernetic Approaches6964 Words   |  28 Pageslike? 3. How does each specific approach deal with therapy? 4. What are the specific skills required by each approach? 5. How is the role and function of the therapist in each specific approach? 6. What would research look like from the point of view of each specific approach? 7. What critical ethical concerns could be raised about each specific perspective? 8. Integrating first-and second-order cybernetic approaches. TableRead MoreWomen And Domestic Violence : India Essay1480 Words   |  6 Pagesworking in the field of domestic violence and substance abuse need to be able to engage clients in the work of addressing the impact of both substance abuse and domestic violence on their lives (Kail, 2014). This literature review was a mix of qualitative and quantitative studies in which researched women in domestic violence relationships and the treatments that they received and whether they were beneficial to the women. Many of the articles stated that as long as women participated in counselingRead MoreAn Educator s Guide For Practitioner Action Research3094 Words   |  13 PagesPractitioner Action Research, there were many authors who expressed different beliefs of what is â€Å"practitioner action research†. Action research is a study in which an â€Å"insider† conducts research. Taking ideas from Mckernan (1991), McCutcheon and Jung (1990), and Kemmis and McTaggart (1982), it is a study process school professional’s plan, collaborative, and self-reflective on the social situation being addressed. There were also diverse approaches used for an action research study. One approach

The Power of Rational Decision Making Essay - 1457 Words

Rational decision making is one of the most common problem solving methods and can be used to solve almost all problems. Rational decision making and problem solving processes can be explained in a logical manner. Effective leaders use rational decision making processes to identify the problem, think up solutions, evaluate alternatives along with select a solution, implement and evaluate the final solution. In rational decision making leaders analyze the problem to achieve the most efficient choice through different possible alternatives from different scenarios before making a selection. Heuristic Heuristic problem solving can include intelligent guesswork, common sense, emotional thinking, short cut decision making, utilizing†¦show more content†¦This process enables effective leaders the opportunity to develop knowledge and skills in appropriate decision making and problem solving. Effective leaders realized the key to a successful decision making process is collaborative problem solving that includes a strategic goal plan that provides the principal with the opportunity to learn the steps, identify, and demonstrate this process for making short and long term decisions. As a leader I would utilize several components from The Seven Step Decision Making process such as; define the problem analyze the problem (i.e. legal or financial ramifications, district policy, community involvement), identify alternative solutions, evaluate alternatives, develop a goal plan to address issues, and implement the plan to find a reasonable solution, evaluate each component for final results. An effective principal always apply a clear, logical thought process to all problem solving and decision making processes in leadership situations. Case Study â€Å"Thorny Issue As a future educational administrator my primary concerns with this case is that Mr. Short lacked effective communication skills, decision making and problem solving skills, knowledge of educational law, and school community public relations skills. Mr. Short failed to make sure that all of the students civil rights were not being violated based on their sexual orientation. Mr. Short did not understand the student’s rights inside and outsideShow MoreRelatedThe Rational Thinking Is Very Powerful Word1464 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Rational Thinking is very powerful word as it help us in making a decision which is appropriate. As in rational thinking there is logical and reasonable thinking and the decision maker is free from all the restriction such as sentiment. So the decision is made on the basis of original facts and knowledge not on the sentiment. As all the people have the ability to make the logical decision to every problem but they face a sentiment due to which they usually take decision without thinkingRead MoreRational Choice Theory: Merits and Limitations1195 Words   |  5 PagesThe objective of this paper is to provide insight into Rational Choice Theory. This theory, highly relied upon by many disciplines, is also used to calculate and determine crime and criminal behavior. Through definition, example and techniques utilized by criminologists, the reader will have a better understanding of the subject. By definition, criminology is the study of crime, criminal behavior and how it pertains to the law. Criminology is considered a scientific technique. Therefore, thoseRead MoreWhy Are People Concerned With Danger?1300 Words   |  6 Pageslabor for hardly anything in return, revolt to overturn or reform that system and achieve more power for themselves as a class. In terms of rationality, people decide to join in a rebellion if there is a high probability of success and the possible gains outweigh the possible costs of punishment. Victim of class domination, the proletariat revolts to establish a new society where the workers have power over the resources that facilitate production. According to Karl Marx, the progress of societyRead MoreLeadership And Strategic Decision Making1667 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Decision-Making in Social Movement Organizations Introduction Throughout history, social movement organizations (SMO) have been actively involved in their community’s seeking to mobilize others and gain resources in order to achieve their goals. It is important to study how SMO achieve their goals to understand the strategic decision-making process and leadership that movements develop for success. Aims: This study aims to investigate the interaction and processes of strategic decision-makingRead MoreRational Choice Theory Of Criminal Behavior Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pagesby fear of punishment, but not all the time. The crime will be limited when the benefits are reduced and the costs increase. Rational choice theory is a perspective that holds criminality in the result of conscious choice. Not to mention, that it is predicted that individuals choose to commit crime when the benefits outweigh the costs of disobeying the law. In the rational choice theory, individuals are seen as motivated offenders by their needs, wants and goals that express their preferences. ThisRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Court Imposed Bans1563 Words   |  7 Pagesbans, court imposed bans, and venue imposed bans. These three bans differ in a number of ways, and have different strengths and weaknesses regarding how well they work. They also relate to different social theories including, deterrenc e theory, and rational choice theory; all of which will be explored throughout this presentation. Court Court imposed bans can be issued for a number of reasons, most commonly to violent patrons who are likely to endanger the safety of others. Court imposed bans can alsoRead Moreâ€Å"People Who Look Down On Other People DonT End Up Being1329 Words   |  6 Pageslevel comprised by the CEO or the board of directors. Hence it can be concluded that the levels in any business hierarchy are the predefined steps represented by designations and which keep on narrowing from bottom to top. When talking about sovereign power we have to bring up the idea of organizational control. Organizational control typically involves four steps establish standards, measure performance, compare performance to standards, and then take corrective action as needed. Corrective action canRead MoreCultural Values : Culture And Culture1429 Words   |  6 Pages These authors describe the current financial factors to be: investors demanding increased returns in short time periods, which causes changes within com panies of shorter tenures for CEOs, and also increased trading which prevents companies from â€Å"making long-term investments that create economic value by leveraging resources which take time to build† (p.754). Another example given by Leana and Barry (2000) that the environment enforces on organisations is adaptability of the work force, which canRead MoreThe Simulation Exercise On Foreign Policy Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pageshow to make decisions in the U.S foreign policy. The members of the cabinet are instructed by the president to use one model in their decision making process. The secretaries follow a Bureaucratic Politics model, each Cabinet member instructed to make a particular decision based on his/her organizational agendas. The President is free to follow whatever process he find it appropriate. Several situation updates during the exercise according to the crisis atmosphere of the decision making. In the endRead MoreThe Vs. The Prisoner s Dilemma841 Words à ‚  |  4 Pagesand no game further highlights this point then the Ultimatum Game and/or the Prisoner’s Dilemma (Poundstone). Either represented by a 2x2 box or a Game Tree, one can determine what is the â€Å"rational† decision, and which decision is most likely to be made based on the circumstances surrounding the decision making process. There are a variety of factors that influence the outcomes of these games such as circumstances of the persons playing, personality of the person playing (i.e. risk averse or accepting)

Juvenile Gang Free Essays

Apply the functionalist point of view to the phenomenon of female juvenile gangs in Hong Kong and evaluate its explanation. The recent female juvenile gang problem has sparked off public concerns in Hong Kong, because they are more rampant in the newly-developed towns such as Tseung Kwan O, Tin Shui Wai and Tai Po. Comparing with the figures of girls joining gangs by Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile Gang or any similar topic only for you Order Now T. W. Lo in 2001 and by the Federation in 2005, the trend of girls’s participation in gangs is increasing. In the following, the phenomenon of female juvenile gangs in Hong Kong will be discussed in detail by the functionalist point of view. Then, the explanation will be evaluated. Before discussing the phenomenon of female juvenile gangs in Hong Kong by the functionalist point of view. Let start with the definition of structural functionalism and definition of female juvenile gangs. Society is a system with various social institutions performing important functions to the society and to individuals. The structural functionalism is based on the assumption that society is a stable, the function of each part of the community should be able to co-ordination to make a harmonious and efficient society. Female juvenile gangs is defined as girls who are below the age of 21 and have been members of gangs. Gangs consist of three features. First, gangs are stable groups with regular gatherings. Second, gangs involve deviant behavior such as fighting. Third, gangs affiliate with triad societies. By the functionalist point of view, the social structure and condition have a great effect on female juvenile gangs forming. Girls who were joined juvenile gangs are unable to play their role in different class of society because of social inequality, so they can not achieve the goal and they are tempted to have deviant behavior. At the family level, family put many pressure on the girls, they felt out of place with their family due to poor relationships with parents and bad growing experience. Under such circumstances, they tend to escape from the real family and seek for other big family which can offer them emotional attachment. At their schools and working level, they can not get the sense of accomplishment in schools or from working. They are forced to attend classes or not satisfied in salary. At the peer level, due to the peer pressure and they meet friends with gang backgrounds, they have more chance to connect with gang members. At the personal level, girls start to demand for autonomy and to be independent form 2 is the most vulnerable period for girls. Due to the puberty, they are easier to have emotional problems. Comparing with the boys, girls want to get protection and free entertainment from gangs rather than showing off. Those factors show that girls who were joined gangs can not take their responsibility in different level of society. They joined gangs in order to find their role in the other family and recognition from other members. Besides, there are three type of female juvenile gangs, including autonomous group, satellite group and mixed group. Autonomous group is a all-female group. Members in this group are very independent and autonomous. They are not controlled by the male gangs. Also, these groups have the same features as male gangs in the way they behave and solve problems. Members in satellite group and mixed group are more likely to rely on the male members or gang, they can get more protection or other support such as financial support or provide free entertainment, most girls have the role being ‘wife’or‘little sister’of male members. Female members play an auxiliary role in gangs. They almost carry weapon for male members and provide sexual services to male members. The activities in gang of boy and girl are quite different. For instance, boy involves more in criminal and violent acts than girl. But drug offences are more common in girls as girls are easier to evade the inspection. Boys are less likely to have free entertainment and are less emotional and gossip than girls in gangs. Sometimes, female members are needed to help male members to beat the girls from the other gang. It is understandable that male members and female members have different function in gang In order to maintain the female juvenile gangs, there are female leader and fighting girls in gangs. It shows that female members are taking on more specific roles within the group. For female leader, she should have a wide network of contacts in order to get more protection and free entertainment. On the other hand, she should be able to fight to protect her followers and appear to be mature. For fighting girls, those girls are look like a boy and they like fighting. They will keep doing exercise in order to be stronger. It is a way to protect themselves and they can able to stay or exist in gangs. All the female members must know how to protect their reputation. Otherwise, the members of the gang will not respect them and they will be rejected or despised. In the female juvenile gangs, each member has their role in gang, such as leader need to be presentable and eloquent. In different role, they have different function and this is how they maintain the system of gang. By the functionalist point of view, the reason of formation of the female juvenile gangs can be explained. The female juvenile gangs also work as a society. Every member has her role and function, they contribute themselves in gang. Female members in autonomous group, satellite group and mixed group have different features and functions. On one hand, male members provide free entertainment and protection to female members. On the other hand, female members help male members to carry the drugs and weapon. There are mutual beneficial relationship between male and female members or gangs. However, structural functionalism can not explain how the girls join the gang as there are many other factors. In addition, it can not explain how are the female members formed their identities. By the structural functionalism, we can explain the function of the leader (Big sister) and fighting girls and the relationship between leader and her followers. But, we can not explain how they can be a leader or fighting girls, the process of being the female leader consist of many factors. Structural functionalism can not explain the phenomenon of female juvenile completely. References 1. Chu, Yiu Kong (2005) â€Å"An Analysis of Youth Gangs in Tin Shui Wai in Hong Kong† in Hong Kong Journal of Social Sciences No. 29 Spring/Summer 2005. 2. Clinard, Marshall B. (1995) â€Å"Robert Merton: Anomie and Social Structure† in Earl Eubington and Martin S. Weinberg ed. The Study of Social Problems – Seven Perspectives, London: Oxford University Press. 3. Haralambos, Michael and Holborn, Martin (2000) Sociology – Themes and Perspectives, London: Collins. 4. Mok, James and Chan Shui-ching (2008) A Study on Girls in Gangs, Hong Kong: Research Centre, Hong Kong Federation of Youth Group. How to cite Juvenile Gang, Papers

Audit Analysis Government Regulations

Question: Discuss about the case study Audit Analysis for Government Regulations. Answer: Introduction: An audit of a company involves an overview of financial records to ensure that they are in compliance with the government regulations and that they are no cases of fraud. The purchases of products and business transactions are checked and the books of records are reviewed. The audit is carried out at a specific time and it ensures that the company is compliant with the regulations which have been set such as updating transactions and maintaining environmental laws. B B Company would need an auditor to go through the record books and assess the transactions of the business over the past few years as the new management takes over. The auditor will reconcile the accounts and counter-check the entries into journal records. The company will also receive a written financial statement which will indicate the current financial state of the business which is an unbiased opinion of the auditor. The financial reports from the audit will indicate the current financial position of the company and highlight areas which need attention as opposed to those which are compliant with the regulations. From the reports, the current management will have a clear understanding of the companys financial state. Cases of errors in record keeping and fraud will be highlighted thus giving the management an opportunity to correct the issues. The audit will show the flow of internal command in the company and the procedures followed in procuring and sales of products. The management will understand the transaction chain and how business is run in the company. Since the nature of the business has changed from a partnership to a company, some of the operations will have to change significantly. With the change in management, an audit will be crucial so as to outline the available balances in the companys account. The shareholders need to understand the business and the amounts which are in the accounts so that they can operate efficiently. The adjustments which they will encounter in the management of the business are indicated in the audit report. The audit will analyze the accounts such as accounts receivables and accounts payable and records of inventory kept for the products. The auditor will formulate their opinion on the company from which the shareholders can take the appropriate actions regarding the operations. In case of variances in the amounts recorded, the auditor will require documentation for the transactions thus making the operations transparent as the new management takes over. Who could be an Auditor? The auditor for company has to be an individual who is trained in accounting who can verify the records of business operations and provide a clear opinion of the companys financial state. An auditor can be external or internal depending on the companys preferences. An external auditor comes in at a specified or unspecified period to look through the records and check for compliances with laws and regulations such as labor laws. The company would also hire an internal auditor who is able to follow the day to day transactions and keep accurate records of the operations. The auditor should be able to go through journals such as sales journal and follow the transactions details to ensure that there are no errors in recording. The financial statements should be explained in clarity for the shareholders to understand. The auditor should also be certified professional by the government with ample knowledge on accounting and government regulations. Allowing a third party to access business information Allowing a third party to audit the companys financial records would be of no harm since the auditors follow a strict code of ethics. The code of ethics promotes professionalism among the auditors and the records of the company are handled as confidential information. The auditor comply with regulations and standards which dictate the procedures which are followed during auditing. The International Ethics Standards Board of Accountants (IESBA) has a clear code of ethics which was issued in 2009 and auditors are required to comply with it. The auditor is to give professional judgement when reporting the financial position of the company and observe integrity in the business relationship with the company. The auditor should display knowledge and high standards of professionalism during the audit period (Reynolds, 2000). Having Unaudited accounts The implications of having unaudited accounts is that the company contradicts government laws and regulations. The company fails to follow the Companys Act and hence is liable to the courts of law. The company would risk having its license withdrawn incase the accounts are not comprehensive and audited. Having the accounts unaudited implies that the company will not prepare annual financial reports for the shareholders which is required by the law. The company will not have a clear opinion of the financial state and hence they will be limited in their business transactions. Auditing places a company at high confidence among the customers and suppliers, hence not auditing would ruin the image of the company in the business market. The new management will be hampered in their operations while conducting business since some accounts might not be settled. Jane is thus well informed for requesting an audit during the first meeting as the family business transits into a company which is un der different laws and regulations. Can Jane Audit the Company? Auditing the company will enable the shareholders to identify the specific departments which need more investment and labor input. The decisions made in the company will better informed when the accounts are audited. Jane, being a shareholder in the company, is not eligible to audit the companys accounts. The auditor has to be independent with no financial interest in the company. The independence of the auditor, either internal or external allows him/her to operate with integrity while reconciling the accounts and writing the financial reports. Jane has a role in the management of the company and hence will not be able to operate independently and her judgement may be biased (Kinney Martin, 1994). Having Jane audit the accounts would not give a clear opinion on the companys financial position. The auditing of the company requires a professional who will not be harmed by the records of the financial reports which are provided after the audit. Jane has a role as a manager to provide the required documents and journals for the auditing but is not allowed to partake in the auditing activities. The audit reports should present credible information and records to the shareholders as an honest view of the companys financial position (Mautz Sharaf, 1961). The independence of the auditor is crucial since they observe integrity in the analysis and follow the set standards for accounting and auditing. The auditor practices independence of mind whereby they are able to make decisions based on the analysis conducted on the companys financial records. The companys audit needs to be beyond question which ensures that credibility is upheld in the financial reports. The shareholders need to understand that Jane will not be able to act independently when analyzing the records in the journals since she is interested in the company (Simunic, 1984). Auditing has to be thorough taking note of all business transactions and the available records to support the records. Having Jane do the audit would compromise the reports since she might conceal some loopholes and missing information in the journals record. This would give a misguided opinion of the company and also similarly she might give a report which outsells the company. The suppliers and customers might also lose trust in the company when the audit statements are signed by a shareholder who is involved in the business management. The standards of auditing might be compromised by having Jane audit the accounts for the company under new management. Why use a particular firm? B B Company should consider our auditing firm for the quality of services we provide as we reconcile the books and present the written reports. The auditors have qualifications in accounting and are compliant with the standards of professionalism and quality in reporting. The auditors are keen to provide credible information on the financial position of the company. As an auditing firm, we offer our services at a cost which is affordable hence the expenses incurred are minimal during the accounting period. The audit report will provide a clear understanding to the partners on the required adjustments and need for improving in the journal records. The audit report will be crucial in making decision on the investment opportunities which the company can undertake. Hiring an auditor from our company will ensure that the compliance requirements are meet and the tax returns are indicative of all accounts (Ghose Koliadis, 2007). The need for an auditor for your business is crucial in order to have a clear foresight of the company and the control system for the transaction and business deals. Our auditing company provides audit services and ensures confidentiality of the accounts records. Quality and professionalism are core values in our company and we uphold the standards set by the government. Reviewing of the accounts and having unbiased opinion will enable your company to make informed plans and strategies to expand the business and improve its performance. The audit will enable the companys management to run operations efficiently and minimize costs. The audit will guide the shareholders on the relevant sectors to boost in order to maximize production of the company. References Kinney Jr, W.R. and Martin, R.D., 1994. Does auditing reduce bias in financial reporting? A review of audit-related adjustment studies. Auditing, 13(1), p.149. Simunic, D.A., 1984. Auditing, consulting, and auditor independence. Journal of Accounting research, pp.679-702. Mautz, R.K. and Sharaf, H.A., 1961. The philosophy of auditing (No. 6). American Accounting Association. Ghose, A. and Koliadis, G., 2007, September. Auditing business process compliance. In International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing (pp. 169-180). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Reynolds, M.A., 2000. Professionalism, ethical codes and the internal auditor: A moral argument. Journal of Business Ethics, 24(2), pp.115-124.

Boolean Search Operators free essay sample

The Internet is a vast computer database. As such, its contents must be searched according to the rules of computer database searching. Much database searching is based on the principles of Boolean logic. Boolean logic refers to the logical relationship among search terms, and is named for the British-born Irish mathematician George Boole. On Internet search engines, the options for constructing logical relationships among search terms often modify the traditional practice of Boolean searching. This will be covered in the section below, Boolean Searching on the Internet. Boolean logic consists of three logical operators: †¢ OR †¢ AND †¢ NOT Each operator can be visually described by using Venn diagrams, as shown below. OR logic [pic] college OR university Question: I would like information about college. †¢ In this search, we will retrieve records in which NOT logic excludes records from your search results. Be careful when you use NOT: the term you do want may be present in an important way in documents that also contain the word you wish to avoid. We will write a custom essay sample on Boolean Search Operators or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example, consider a Web page that includes the statement that cats are smarter than dogs. The search illustrated above would exclude this document from your results. Combined AND and OR logic Question: I want information about the behavior of cats. Search: behavior AND (cats OR felines) You can combine both AND and OR logic in a single search, as shown above. The use of parentheses in this search is known as forcing the order of processing. In this case, we surround the OR words with parentheses so that the search engine will process the two related terms as a unit. The search engine will use AND logic to combine this result with the second concept. Using this method, we are assured that the semantically-related OR terms are kept together as a logical unit. Boolean Searching on the Internet When you use an Internet search engine, the use of Boolean logic may be manifested in three distinct ways: 1.