Javier Santana. English 206. May 14, 2017. Death In Romantic

Javier Santana English 206 May 14, 2017 Death In Romantic Poetry Throughout literature, death is a topic that is commonly used though it is spoken of in different ways. This is especially true in romantic literature. This is a time when society was exploring more, discovering more and thinking more. New inventions were being used and new writings became more popular. The romantic period was a time for new ideas in literature and some of these ideas and among some of those thoughts of some writers was life and death. Death is just such an emotional and a unique topic, in that there is no one particular view on death and it has such a significant impact on the living that it was a great topic for the romantics to explore. But every poet saw†¦show more content†¦It’s scary, but it is an inevitable part of life that we all must deal with. This poem is relatable to some if not most people in that it is showing death as something to fear. A common fear is dying before we can achieve our full potential and Keats finds a way to put it int o words. He takes his own fears of not having enough time and puts them into this poem. Conversely, in another of Keats’ poems â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn†, he describes a piece of art that is spoken of in admiration. Keats believes that art as beautiful as this or any art for that matter is forever. This artistic expression transcends death itself. â€Å"When old age shall this generation waste, Thou shalt remain, in midst of other woe† (Keats). While everyone around grows old and eventually passes away this art is untouched by the hands of death. The works people leave behind are immortal and will withstand the test of time. Whether it be a sculpture or a poet’s work. Keats is not the only one who sees a death as an opportunity though. In â€Å"On Death†, another of Keats’ poems he speaks of death as a chance to let go of the suffering in this life and find peace in another. In the first line of this poem Keats creates an idea that when we are living, or awake, we are dreaming. â€Å"Can death be sleep, when life is but a drea m, And scenes of bliss pass as a phantom by?†(Keats). I believe he’s saying that we are living in a dreamlike state, where we go by in our everyday lives and every

The Story Of An Hour And Eveline Analysis - 1817 Words

Kate Choplin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and James Joyce’s â€Å"Eveline† are two short stories that have an unpredicted storyline to it. Everyone doesn’t quite enjoy reading short stories in literature, but in the short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† Kate Choplin makes a very subtle but strong statement towards women’s rights. In the short â€Å"Eveline† James Joyce is about living your life in a promise. Choplin uses different symbols within the story to represent freedom, the existence of self-assertive, and self-reliance. Within â€Å"Eveline† Joyce uses themes such as paralysis, epiphany, and stream of consciousness. Looking at the overview of irony, tone, personification, and setting in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"Eveline,† readers are able to see the†¦show more content†¦The other use of irony that is being used in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is dramatic irony. Dramatic irony is commonly used to clue the audience in something that is happening that the characters in the story do not know about at the moment. This happens when Louise realizes that she has become free from her husband. While sitting in the room by her lonesome, she accomplished a disclosure that she was no longer bound to her husband Mr. Mallard. But no one else in the story such as her sister knew that she had realized that. Everyone in the story thought that Louise was sad and depressed and thought that was the reason to why she went to her room. That was the last thing that they would expect. In contrast, there is not much irony used in â€Å"Eveline† as in â€Å"The Story of an Hour†. In â€Å"Eveline† the irony comes into play when it is expected that Eveline will leave behind her responsibilities and family to start a new life and be with Frank, but instead she decides to stay back home. Eveline had a chance to leave with Frank and start a new life, but instead she decides to stay home with her father. Even though her father was abusive, she had made a promise to her mother before she died that she would dedicate herself to maintaining the home and the family. She talked about how her life was dedicated to cleaning, cooking, shopping, and taking care ofShow MoreRelatedChange: The Seed of Evolution2514 Words   |  11 Pagesdestitute/middle-class family. After his graduation from the University College, he moved to Paris to study medicine only to be called back to Dublin to care for his mother during her last days (O’Conner). He remained in his home country for a year, publishing short stories in â€Å"The Irish Homestead† newspaper (O’Conner). Joyce was a failure at many different occupations: teaching, journalism, and accounting; however, he is one of the few authors to have known success in his own lifetime (Bulson 17). Living in the 1910s

Privacy and Security Reflection Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Privacy and Security Reflection. Answer: Singapore Governments Smart Sensor NetworkFrom the visitors point of view From the point of view of a visitor I would like to state that I would be completely unaware of the placement of the sensors and the cameras. Hence, there would be two types of evaluation of the situation that would be made by me. Firstly, I would like to state the advantage of this situation. This setup would be a huge advantage for me as visitor. There are cameras and sensors installed in the hideous locations. Hence, this would create a sense of insecurity for the people who are thinking of committing any kind of crime. Any kind criminal activities that are conducted by the criminals and the mal practitioners would be monitored very efficiently by the government. Knowing this, I would be feeling very secure about roaming and performing my activities freely in the country. In addition to this, I would feel very secure in a foreign country and I would like to express that, this is a very good initiative on the part of the government of Singapore. The government and the authorities w ould be able to have strict monitoring system over the entire city. On the other hand the negative aspect of this situation is that my privacy would be hampered in the city. There cameras and sensors that would be hidden in the city. As a foreigner I would be completely new to the city and would also be completely unaware about the placement of the cameras and the sensor in the city and this would allow the government and the instruments to record me without my consent. There would be pictures of taken in awkward situations and also my voice would be recorded in the devices and this would be violating my rights over protection of my personal data from the foreign governments. From the residents point of view As a resident of the country I would be very happy with the initiative. As a resident in the city I would be feel that the safety of the city has increased considerably. The cameras and the sensors would be helping the government in keeping a strict vigilance over the entire city and would be able in tracking the population of the city. This would be reducing the crime rates in the city and also the general public of the city would be feeling more secure around the city and also the people of the city would become more disciplined in and around the city. This would also enhance the maintenance of the city. The authorities would be able to look after the facilities of the city more efficiently and this would result in the mitigation of the inefficiencies that is prevalent in the city. This would also make me very happy as a resident of the city. In addition, to this as resident of the city I would have same concerns over the installation of the cameras and the sensors in the city that I would have as a foreigner. The cameras and the sensors would be hampering my privacy. There would records of my personal data in the files that would be stored by the governments. This would be affecting my rights as the citizen of the country as I would not like the government or the public to have access to my personal data without my consent. The government and the authorities would be able to track me whenever they want. The main concern arises if there some people with evil intention existing in the higher authority and has access to the system. This would be resulting in the misuse of my personal data and I would be vulnerable to facing strict consequences. Hence, this is a big drawback on the part of system and the general public would be vulnerable to the same consequences such as me. Effect of Singapore Governments Smart Nation Plan is to deploy a series of sensor boxes From the visitors point of view The installation of the WIFI network would be a great initiative by the government of Singapore. The network would allow the people to use the internet even in the most remote locations of the city. The network would allow the people to have access to the internet in the areas where there is no internet connectivity. As a visitor to the country I would like to state that this very excellent idea by the government of the country that would allow the people of the country to have access to the network at any time from any place. As a visitor this would be very helpful for me. As I would be roaming inside a new country I would be facing difficulties in adjusting with the network connections in the country. This would be helping me in getting connected with the network and having access to the internet from any location. According to me this is a great step towards the implementation of the smart city in Singapore by the government. This would be efficient in a way because I would be abl e to get all the information I need in the new country and also I would be provided with information about the country via the internet. I would be able to stay online 24/7. This would be very beneficial for me. In addition to this, I would not have to bear the extra charges for the internet in the foreign country. This initiative by the government of Singapore would also aid in the implementation of the new Super WIFI network by the government. In addition to this, the network would also be able to use the technology to transmit the Smart Nation data. This would also allow me to have access to the online services that are provided by the government. The network would be providing a greater bandwidth for the users, but it would be provided with a low power requirement. From the residents point of view The installation of the sensors that would be providing wireless internet services to residents of the city. As a resident of the country this would be a great plan for the improvement of the country and work towards the development of the country from my point of view. The WIFI services would be enabling the residents of the city to have uninterrupted access to the internet and this would help them in great way. The WIFI setup in the network of the city would be allowing the authorities and the government to perform their activities more efficiently. The official work of the authorities would not be interrupted and they would be able to work on a fast paced internet connection and hence, the efficiency in the communication in between the officials and the government departments would very efficient. As a result, this would also affect the services that the government and the local authorities provide to us. Hence, as a resident of the country I would like to appreciate the overall i mprovement that would be taking place due to the implementation of the wireless technology in the network of the country. The WIFI sensors would also allow me to have access to the internet connection even if the broadband services are down in my region. These would also be very helpful in the extreme weather conditions when the network bandwidths are generally down and hence, the sensors would provide services in cases of emergencies. In addition to this, as a resident I would also be benefitted from the project in terms of expenses annually. As I would have uninterrupted services from the wireless internet services I would not have purchase expensive broadband plans and also the cost for my mobile data would be saved to a great extent. Hence, as a resident of the country would feel benefitted from this type of project. From the point of view of a person who poses restricted content I would feel unsafe if I posses any kind of restricted content in my devices. However, there is no reason to for me to feel unsafe if I do not connect to the network. The network would only detect my identity if I connect to WIFI network. Hence, I would feel that the people contain important information on their devices should not be connecting the devices to the network. In addition to this, I would like to express that I would support the government on this initiative as this would be helpful for the country in tracking the mal practitioners and the criminals. This would also prevent form anybody misusing the network and also would help in identifying the person or the group who misuses the network. In addition to this, the network would also inform the government about who is coming inside the country and who is leaving. As a foreigner to the country this would be a disadvantage, but as a resident of the country would be feeling safe in the country and feel that the country is wel l protected form any kind of foreign intrusion and feel that the country is in safe hands. Effect of the smart nation plan on the people The smart nation plan has helped several sectors of the country and has helped the country to develop in various areas like the healthcare, energy, utilities, transportation and also safety and security of the whole country. In addition to this, there is various other aspect of the smart nation plan in which initiatives by the country for the development of the people. Singapore has a vision to become the first smart nation in the world. They are looking to implement various types of new technologies in their country and this would allow the citizens of the country to have various types of facilities and also the maintenance of the cities and the improvement of the certain areas can be made possible by this initiative. This would also help the authorities to operate more efficiently within the city. They would be able to monitor the city more efficiently and also they would be able to respond to critical situations more efficiently. The system would also allow the Internet of Things technology enabled into their systems and this would be allowing various types of internet devices to get connected to the network in the country. They people of the country would also be provided with the uninterrupted access to the internet services. Hence, they would be able to be online 24/7 on the network and also they would be able to call for any type of services any time they want. This initiative would not only increase the efficiency in the services that are provided to the people of the country, but also would increasing the employment of the people in different sectors of the smart nation. Although the main concern with the implementation of the smart nation initiatives in the country is that the privacy of the people of the country would be lost with the implementation of the internet of things in the network of the country. The implementation of the smart sensors in the cities would provide the details about any person residing in the country or moving in the country. In addition to this, the devices of the people are liable to intrusion and the data in the devices can be tracked easily and with the implementation of the newer technologies in the country detecting and tracking any person in the country. Hence, the people should be aware of the consequence and look to it that they do not connect all their devices to the internet and try to keep the data away from the network. In addition to this, the people of the country face the risk of their data getting exposed in the network and can be misused by others if the data falls in the wrong hands. Hence the people need to be very careful with the type of data that they uploading online. Steps to ensure digital security and privacy As a foreigner I would not like to expose my identity in front of the country. Hence there are a number of measures that could be suggested for ensuring that the private data is kept hidden from the network and also the privacy of the foreigners are maintained in the country. Firstly, the people have to aware about the Smart Nations Plan and the Internet od Things concept. In addition to this, the people have made efficient choices for selecting the type to data that they want to upload on the internet and also on the type of networks that they want to connect to. In addition to this, they need to make sure that they have proper security measures implemented on the devices that they are looking to connect to the network would allow the government to track those devices. Firstly, the people need to be aware of the concept and have complete knowledge on the technology and need to know the pros and cons of the technology before getting engaged with the technology. The main advantage of this would be that they would be able to evaluate easily what is good and what is bad for them. And also they would be able to act accordingly to the situation and also know what to do for keeping their privacy safe. The main disadvantage is that it is very difficult for a non-technical person to understand the concept of Internet of things and the smart city implementation and hence they would be getting engaged with the system unknowingly. Secondly, the people are required to know what to upload and which are the devices that they should connect to the network that is implemented in the nation. The people are required to keep their data offline stored in the offline devices. It is also advisable that they store their data in the external devices and not connect the device directly with the network. This would prevent the confidential data of the users from getting exposed and also this would protect the privacy of the users. The main disadvantage with this is that the users would not be able to take their data online in time of need and also they would be required to maintain a secondary storage device with them. In addition to this, the secondary data is always in risk of getting hampered. The last option is to apply preventive measures in the devices that are being used by the users. They users should use proper locking system for their data in the devices that they are looking to connect to the network. This would be preventing the data of the users form getting expose to the externals and maintain the privacy of the users. With this the users can easily connect to any type of network they want to at any time they need to. Although there are no major disadvantage to this kind of application, but the implementation of this kind of application are very rare and also the most of the time this kind of application is not fool proof and hence, the user needs to be careful about the use of these kind of technologies. Bibliography Adnan, Y. M., Hamzah, H., Dali, M. M., Daud, M. N., Alias, A. (2016). AN INITIATIVES-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING SMART CITY.PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL,14(5). Brandt, T., Cudden, J., Ketter, W., Prendergast, D., Sakurai, M., Watson, R. T. (2016). Smart Cities and the Role of IS Research in Improving Urban Life. InICIS 2016 PROCEEDINGS: Thirty Seventh International Conference on Information Systems. Dublin 2016. Calzada, I. (2016). (Un) Plugging Smart Cities with urban transformations: towards multi-stakeholder city-regional complex urbanity?.Browser Download This Paper. CHAN, D. (2015). Thinking About the Future Now. CHAN, D. (2016). 2016: A year of looking to the future. Claudel, M., Birolo, A., Ratti, C. (2015). Governments Role in Growing a Smart City. InSmart Cities as Democratic Ecologies(pp. 23-34). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Dolejov, M., Kaiying, C. L. (2016, May). Squat Grow: Designing Smart Human-Food Interactions in Singapore. InProceedings of the SEACHI 2016 on Smart Cities for Better Living with HCI and UX(pp. 24-27). ACM. FOO, S. L., PAN, G. (2016). Singapore's vision of a smart nation. Gary, L. Y. L. (2016). From third world to first world: Lee Kuan Yew and the Singapore transformation growth story. . : ? , (24, . 8), 52-68. In Ko, R., Choo, K.(Eds.). (2015). The Cloud Security Ecosystem: Technical, Legal, Business and Management Issues. Waltham, MA: Syngress. Karada?, T. U. N. . (2013).An evaluation of the smart city approach(Doctoral dissertation, Doctoral Dissertation, 2013. Middle East Technical University). KUMAR, M. M. (2016). The Impact of different policy initiatives on Socio-Economic Development: A comparative study of Singapore and Taiwan.American Journal of Social Issues and Humanities,6(3). Kumar, T. V., Dahiya, B. (2017). Smart Economy in Smart Cities. InSmart Economy in Smart Cities(pp. 3-76). Springer Singapore. Lau, Y. (2015). Cybercrime in cloud: Risks and responses in Hong Kong, Singapore. Lee, S. K., Kwon, H. R., Cho, H., Kim, J., Lee, D. (2016).International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Singapore, Republic of Singapore. Inter-American Development Bank. Liew, S. N. (2015).Digital health in Singapore: building an ecosystem conducive for innovation-driven enterprises(Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Ojo, A., Curry, E., Janowski, T., Dzhusupova, Z. (2015). Designing next generation smart city initiatives: The SCID Framework. InTransforming city governments for successful smart cities(pp. 43-67). Springer International Publishing. Sarkar, A. N. "Significance of smart cities in 21st century: an international business perspective."FOCUS Journal of International Business2, no. 2 (2016). Saunders, T., Baeck, P. (2015). Rethinking smart cities from the ground up.London: Nesta. Thing, V. L. (2014, December). Cyber security for a smart nation. InComputational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC), 2014 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 1-3). IEEE. Weir, G. R. (2016). The Internet of Things: promise of a better connected world. InMechatronic Futures(pp. 165-177). Springer International Publishing.

Walt Whitman Essays (1224 words) - Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln

Walt Whitman Walt Whitman Walt Whitman was born on May 31, 1819, in West Hills, Long Island, New York. He was the second of six children. From 1825-1830, he attended public school in Brooklyn. After his years of education, Walt Whitman experimented with many different jobs. From 1836-1838, Whitman taught at several schools in Long Island. After teaching, Walt Whitman returned to printing and editing in New York. During this time he edited many papers such as the Aurora (daily newspaper), Evening Tattler, Brooklyn Weekly Freeman, Brooklyn Daily Eagle and the Brooklyn Times. In addition to editing, he also wrote for the Long Island Star. From 1850-1854, Whitman owned and operated a printing office and a stationary store. During this time , he also began to build houses and do some carpentry. In 1855, Walt Whitman published his first edition of Leaves of Grass. However, at the time, Whitman did not reveal to the public the name of the author or the publisher. Whitman continued writing new editions of Leaves of Grass. Before he passed away, in 1892, Whitman published eleven volumes of Leaves of Grass. In addition to writing eleven volumes of Leaves of Grass, Whitman also wrote a volume of poetry titled Drum-Traps which was published in 1865. Whitman was inspired to write these poems after spending a lot of time with many soldiers who were wounded in the Civil War. Many of these books did not begin to sell until the war was over. Not long after that, in 1873, Whitman suffered the first of many paralytic attacks. These attackleft him an invalid. Walt Whitman decided to live the rest of his life in Camden, New Jersey. This town was located near the river ferries which he loved to watch. He enjoyed the many visitors who came to honor him. In 1888, the paralysis increased. This caused his death on March 26, 1892. He is now buried in a tomb in Hurleigh Cemetery. How and Why did the themes of WaltWhitmans writing change over time?In 1855, Walt Whitman published his first piece of literature, Leaves of Grass. During his life, he wrote on a number of different subjects. The year of 1861 brought many changes in his life. This year and the years that followed, changed Whitmans life and the poetry that he wrote for two major reasons. Clearly 1861, with coming of the Civil War, marked a turning point for Whitman: he shed his past and began a new career with new poetry and new themes (Walt Whitman, pg.18). Although Walt Whitman did not see the Civil War coming, he was very interested in it. At this time Whitman was forty-one years old and was obviously beyond the age of enlistment. Besides being to old, Whitman also had to remain at home and take care of his mother (he had been taking care of her since his fathers death in 1855). Although Whitman was to old, he was determined to be involved in the war. In 1862, Whitman heard the new that his brother had been hurt near Fredricksburg, Virginia. As a result, Whitman traveled to Virginia to help his brother. Although his brother was never wounded, this trip changed Whitmans life. Walt Whitman had finally found his place to get involved in the war. Upon learning the news that his brother was not wounded, Whitman decided to travel back to Washington DC. When Whitman was traveling to Fredricksburg, VA, he saw so many wounded soldiers in Washington DC, who he wanted to help. So, he spent at least a couple of hours each day bringing material goods to the wounded soldiers. Many times these goods would be writing paper or magazines. As a resul t of volunteering for a couple hours each day, the themes of Whitmans poems had dramatically changed. In 1873, a couple more changes occurred in Whitmans life. At the beginning of the year , he became an invalid. This was a result of two things: a minor stroke along with the death of his mother in May of 1873. Whitman and his mother had a very close relationship. One poem that Whitman wrote was titled, Starting from Paumanok. The opening lines of this poem shows some of the admiration that

Free Essays on Sad Dreams

Sad Dreams Introduction My name is Symantha Wolfe. I come from the small town called Taos. I also come from a house hold of one sister, but no brothers, a loving mother, and last but certainly not least a loving grandma. Their names are Randi Lee Wolfe (sister), Tina Irene Wolfe (mom), and my loving grandma Cathy Marie Wolfe. I was born in Taos but raised in Espanola. I will start by giving you an idea of what I am going to write about. I will tell you about a dream I had a long time ago. But will kindly request that this information be kept private thank you. The dream I will tell you about is kind of a ghost story but kind of not a ghost story. I will begin by telling you about my dream. But first I will tell you about what I did right before I went to bed. Ok! That night I had put on my pajamas, a T-shirt and a pair of shorts so I could go to bed. I got into my bed and the last time I remember looking at the clock I was 12:46pm. I finally fell asleep. I had dreamed I was walking through a cemetery at night. I was all dressed in black. I had started I walking through the cemetery when I saw my great, great grandmas grave. I had just then realized I was in the old cemetery in Taos because that was where my great, great grandma was buried. In the distance I could see a shadow coming toward me. I had got scared at first but then I saw it was my grandma. She had walked up to me and said, â€Å"its ok it’s just me, your great, great grandma. I just came to tell you then even though I will not be with you physically I will be with you mentally.† She had also said that she would always be with you if I would need her she would always be there for me. She was just about to leave when I asked her if she would stay with me for a while just so I wouldn’t have to wake up and be so sad because she was not there with me. She agreed to stay with me for a while so I would not be lonely. See when she died I felt like I had lost the only... Free Essays on Sad Dreams Free Essays on Sad Dreams Sad Dreams Introduction My name is Symantha Wolfe. I come from the small town called Taos. I also come from a house hold of one sister, but no brothers, a loving mother, and last but certainly not least a loving grandma. Their names are Randi Lee Wolfe (sister), Tina Irene Wolfe (mom), and my loving grandma Cathy Marie Wolfe. I was born in Taos but raised in Espanola. I will start by giving you an idea of what I am going to write about. I will tell you about a dream I had a long time ago. But will kindly request that this information be kept private thank you. The dream I will tell you about is kind of a ghost story but kind of not a ghost story. I will begin by telling you about my dream. But first I will tell you about what I did right before I went to bed. Ok! That night I had put on my pajamas, a T-shirt and a pair of shorts so I could go to bed. I got into my bed and the last time I remember looking at the clock I was 12:46pm. I finally fell asleep. I had dreamed I was walking through a cemetery at night. I was all dressed in black. I had started I walking through the cemetery when I saw my great, great grandmas grave. I had just then realized I was in the old cemetery in Taos because that was where my great, great grandma was buried. In the distance I could see a shadow coming toward me. I had got scared at first but then I saw it was my grandma. She had walked up to me and said, â€Å"its ok it’s just me, your great, great grandma. I just came to tell you then even though I will not be with you physically I will be with you mentally.† She had also said that she would always be with you if I would need her she would always be there for me. She was just about to leave when I asked her if she would stay with me for a while just so I wouldn’t have to wake up and be so sad because she was not there with me. She agreed to stay with me for a while so I would not be lonely. See when she died I felt like I had lost the only...

Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management

Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management Top 7 Affordable Universities around the World to Study Management A management degree will help you in almost any career, and almost any part of the world too. You will learn how to manage a group of employees and bring out the best of them. And who wouldn’t want to do that? But you don’t want to waste all your future income on expensive student loan debt or find yourself chronically broke during your years as a student. You need a degree program that’s excellent but also affordable. Here are our picks for the top 10 most affordable universities in the world to study management. Colorado State University-Global Campus. The Bachelor’s in Science in Business Management, consisting of 11 courses and 120 credit hours, can be earned entirely online. Choose a concentration in business administration, finance, marketing, or project management. Tuition is $8400 a year. The University of Dundee. The innovative Business Management BSc program at Dundee boasts courses taught by experts in the field and hands-on practice at financial institutions. They encourage the study of areas that are becoming increasingly important in today’s world, such as Human Rights Management and Managing Change. Students in the UK will pay  £9,250 per year for three years of a four-year degree. For all others, costs vary. Northeastern University. Another great online program, the Bachelor’s in Business Management at Northeastern University is certified by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. You can even achieve your degree in just 18 months, using their â€Å"Fast Track† option. Undergraduate tuition is from $796 to $1,518 per year. Indian River State College. This college offers its Bachelor of Applied Science in Organizational Management completely online. A low student-faculty ratio means you can be assured of getting all the attention and extra help you need, despite the online format. It has also been ranked 4th of the most affordable colleges in the US. Tuition is $2,764 per year for in-state and $10,201 for out-of-state students. The University of Bath. Bath’s School of Management ranks first for Marketing and second for Business and Management Studies in the UK. It is also renowned for its marketing research. In addition, it is among only 1% of schools in the world to be accredited by EQUIS, the quality improvement system run by the European Foundation for Management Development. Fees are  £15,200 for the arts and  £19,000 for laboratory subjects. The University of Alabama at Birmingham. The school’s online Bachelor of Science in Management from the Collat School of Business allows you to concentrate in Operations Management, Leadership, or Business and Society (to name just a few). Tuition varies from $793 to $938. Thomas Edison State College. This program is perfect for you if you need to continue working while earning your management degree. It prides itself on flexibility and on rigorous, high-quality curriculum. Students choose an area of study that reflects the field they want to enter; the list is extensive, including Accounting, Human Resources, Operations Management, and many others. Tuition is $8395. With any of these universities, you will gain the skills and knowledge you need to succeed in the management career without breaking the bank. Our company offers reliable Management essay writing service for university students all over the world.

Operations Managemen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operations Managemen - Essay Example The challenge gets even worse with the great variety of products presented with every single wear vendor. Product lines vary in styles, cloths and sizes - the range of goods a vendor must produce to attract the attention of buyers is enormous. Minding the fact that only a small part (50% in the case of Jossey Menswear) of the whole stock is sold at full price it becomes clear that wear vendors put up with significant wastes. And because of what Because of inaccuracies and misconceptions of fashion forecasts. Since the production cycle of clothes is rather long (it takes 18 months from the first sketch of a designer) companies have wear in their stores, which were presumed to be popular a year and a half ago. Obviously, there are two ways a company can take to improve its chances of hitting the bull's eye of customers' popularity. The first one, extensive, lies in broadening its product range and increasing volumes of production. The second path is intensive, and tries to improve the accuracy of forecasts, which only can be made through shortening the production cycles. Of course, the second path is better for Jossey Menswear since it leads to full price sales proportion increasing, while keeping the production volumes the same, or even lower than before, which increases profits for the company. Meanwhile, the first way simply increases revenues along with manufacturing costs. Thus, the efficiency of forecasts falling over time and wastes associated with manufacturing of unpopular products are the main reasons behind the choice of quick response (QR) manufacturing system. The main driving factor between the strategies based on QR manufacturing is the reduction of lead time - this business concept is also known as 'agile manufacturing' (Suri, 2003). Another business concept, known as 'lean manufacturing' uses wastes elimination as the main driving factor. Despite the common opinion these two theories are not mutually exclusive and can be applied together (Martin and Towill, 2000). So the question for Jossey Menswear is not stated as "agile or lean approach" - both concepts should be used, because the main objectives of supply chain improvement for Jossey are both reducing lead time and eliminating wastes. Inevitably, every improvement action taken by the company should be monitored in order to learn lessons from it. The implementation of QR manufacturing requires to be monitored from several dimensions: informational, financial and external (customer). The informational perspective can be considered primary, as it reflects the main goal of improvement increase the speed of information flow between different segments of supply chain. Financial perspective can be analysed with the help of total cost analysis. TCA assessment offers a final statement reflecting not only the cost of improvement but all aspects in the further use and maintenance of inventory. For instance, TCA may show that while direct costs of the improvements may be high, a further reduction of material and inventory costs acquired from the increased velocity will be beneficial (Kauffman, 2004). The customer perspective may be reviewed through customer profitability analysis (CPA). This technique assigns revenues and costs to groups of customers rather than to organisational units, products, etc. By doing so, CPA gives its users the information, which customers are the most beneficiary for them, which in our case will show how helpful is the improved supply chain in adding revenue from customers. 2. It is

Take home final exam Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Take home final exam - Term Paper Example The advent of ‘Email’ as a form of social media was made in the year 1966. This form of social media has been of great help to the society. In keeping with the advantage, apart from normal sending and receiving of messages through mail, one can also send greeting cards among others. Another form of social media that has facilitated to ease the lifestyle of the masses worldwide is ‘LinkedIn’. This form of social media has been of great assistance to the working people or for businesses. By executing this social media within the organizations, it becomes convenient to get connected with professionals and executives. YouTube became functional in the year 2005. This was considered to be the first major website for hosting along with sharing of the videos worldwide. This has helped the users’ in viewing the videos of their interest. In the year 2006, social media emerged with a new innovation for common users i.e. ‘Facebook’. With this social media, communication amidst the society has become more effective. This assists the society to maintain connection with their closed ones worldwide. ‘Google Buzz’ is the form of social media that acts as a messaging tool. By applying this form of social media, the users can send messages, photos and links among others (Ritholtz Barry, â€Å"History of Social Media†). 2. ... Social media ensures the connection of individuals with friends, along with facilitating to share information and contents among others which contribute to the popularity of social media. In the modern day scenario, communication within the organizations has greatly changed. The traditional form of media is quite different as compared to the new form. Traditional social media comprises newspapers, films and magazines among others. The new form of social media entails inherent properties that have made it more successful rather than the traditional form. With regard to the dimension of accessibility, social media is very easily available at minimum or no cost at all. In order to use social media, there is no requirement of specialized knowledge or skills. In keeping with speed as a property of social media, it is readily available everywhere. Furthermore, it is being used by everyone within the community. Moreover, an individual can communicate with a larger base of audiences without any interruption. New social media is being highly applied by the marketing departments in organizations in order to reach the larger client base at a shorter tenure. Interactivity as another property of social media basically fosters two or multiple way communication. In accordance with longevity as a property of social media, it is generally volatile by nature. Reach of social media is unlimited in terms of contents. Application of social media in modern day context enables the users to search unlimited contents of their interest. Comparatively, in case of traditional media, it is not that volatile, speedy and accessible as the new form of media i.e. social media (Taprial and Kanwar 6-39; Blazevic,

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Essay INTRODUCTION An organization is a social unit of people, systematically arranged or managed to meet the needs or to pursue collective goals on a continuous basis. A sound organization can contribute greatly to the continuity and success of the enterprise. All organizations have a management structure that determines the relationship between functions and positions. Without proper care of higher, middle and lower levels of administration, it would be practically impossible for any management to run the organization smoothly. The better the organization the fuller would be the achievement of the common objective. Hence the study of the organization is of great importance. It helps to understand the organization better and become familiar with its functions. MRF LIMITED, an enterprise that was established in1946, in South India grew quickly to become one of India’s biggest tyre manufacturing companies, renowned for product superiority and innovation. MRF continues to be the leading tyre-maker in India. MRF inaugurated its Kottayam unit in 1969 as the second plant of MRF with a small rubber mixer and seven employees. The plant is engineered in four fully merged with the environment. World class rubber mixing facility with SCADA based recipe management, fully automated carbon handling systems and modern dust collecting systems keep the environment tidy. Facilities with upgraded systems for Tube, Tyre and PCTR manufacturing, deliver world class products. MRF Kottayam is certified with ISO 9001/ TS 16949, ISO 14001/OHSAS 18001-2007 etc. TPM initiatives improved the plant performance in all areas. MRF Kottayam unit also registered small scale energy saving projects for carbon credits and its liaison works with UNFCCC being done by consultants M/s. Ernst and Young. Its turnover crossed the 6100 crore mark in 2008. MRF has the widest product range among the domestic tyre companies as it makes tyres for all class of vehicles from trucks to two wheelers and go-karts. MRF Kottayam unit has nearly 2000 direct work force. 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of the study can be summarized as follows: To know the history and the growth of the company To understand the structure of the company To acquire knowledge about the functional as well as managerial aspects of the organization To learn about the manufacturing process of the products To analyze the financial performance of the company To learn the plans, policies and procedures of the organization To observe the work culture of the organization To acquire knowledge about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the organization 1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The organizational study was conducted in MRF Limited, Kottayam. The organizational structure and the management of various departments of MRF are taken for the purpose of the study. Sufficient attempt has been taken to cover almost all the facets of this organization and to understand the complex factors that are functioning within the organization 1.3 METHODOLOGY OF TRAINING Research is a systematic approach to a purposeful investigation. Methodology refers to the various methods used by the researcher right from the data collection and various techniques used for interpretation and inferences. Research methodology addresses the questions; what must be done, howl it must be done, what data must be collected, what data gathering methods must be employed, which sources of data must be selected and how the data must be analyzed and conclusion is reached. The total period allotted for the project work was one month. The study was undertaken by personally visiting the factory in Kottayam. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION a) PRIMARY DATA Primary data are those which are collected as first-hand information and thus they are original in character. These are collected from the direct sources like: Personal interview Observation method b) SECONDARY DATA Secondary data are those which have already been collected by some other agencies of the organization that has been processed. Some of them are: Previous records of the organization Magazines and Journals Websites 1.4 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY Even if there was sufficient support from the staff of the company; a tight work schedule prevented them from giving additional information. The organizational study has come across certain limitations such as: The method used mainly provide qualitative data but lack of precision Too much of interaction was not possible due to the fear of trade secrets being exposed Personal bias could be the one key factor which has affected in having personal interviews CHAPTER-2 INDUSTRIAL PROFILE CHAPTER 2 INDUSTRIAL PROFILE 2.1 INDUSTRY BACKGROUND The tyre industry has evolved from the basic cross ply to the more sophisticated radical tyres. Nylon cords that impart low weight and additional strength to the tyres have also replaced cotton ply. This industry is also driven by agricultural and infrastructural activity that takes place in the region, as those two have an impact on the transport sector. The advent of globalization and liberalization in India urged the companies both small scale and large scale, to build in capabilities, in order to compete effectively on a global platform. The tyre industry in India has been striving hard to establish itself in the global market in its infant stage. There were threats from the global players who enjoyed substantial economies of scale. As a result, the Indian tyre companies were in a constant pursuit of adhering global standards of quality and state of the art technology in production. The fortune of the industry depends on the agricultural and industrial performance of the economy, the transportation needs and production of the vehicles. Hence this is a sensitive industry which has to adapt itself to a high volatile environment. ORIGIN OF THE INDUSTRY The tyre industry began to develop in India in 1920’s. The growth of the tyre industry in India may be divided into three phases. In the first phase, multinational companies like FIRESTONE (1920), GOODYEAR(1922) and DUNLOP(1926) came to Indian tyre industry for selling their products. They were considered as the fore runners of commercialization of tyres in India. During the early twenties and the mid-thirties, these companies became very famous and got established themselves in the industry. In the second phase, these multinational companies started their production in India. They became the first generation tyres of the Indian tyre industry. DUNLOP and FIRESTONE had put up plans to manufacture tyres in Kolkata and Mumbai in 1936 and 1942 respectively. The third phase of the Indian tyre industry began when the companies in India started manufacturing tyres that came out to be known as the second generation tyres. MRF, PREMIER and COOT etc were  the important companies among them. They started manufacturing their products in sixties and later on the third generation of the tyre industry started by 1970. APPOLO and JK TYRES were the most important companies among them. The most leading tyre companies in India are: MRF JK TYRES CEAT GOODYEAR APPOLO MODI BIRLA BRIDGESTONE MICHELIN After the initialization process started in 1922, the Indian economy was stepping the ladder much higher. Earlier, automobiles were mainly used for necessity. But nowadays, the whole trend has been changed in the livelihood. Even the middle class people can’t think about their life without having vehicles. This could be one of the main reasons that the Indian tyre industry is growing up day by day, even when the world is facing the major crisis of global recession. To an extent, the Indian tyre industry has faced few problems, but it has not affected the whole trend much seriously as far as the tyre industry of India is concerned. 2.2 THE INDIAN TYRE INDUSTRY The foreign companies dominated the Indian tyre industry till the 1960’s.However in the later part of the 60’s and early 70’s, the Indian Industrial Entrepreneurs made a stylish entry into the market alongside foreign collaborations with the automobile sector foundation within the country. The tyre industry saw the entry of many players and with the winds of liberalization blowing amidst the hue and cry, swept the entire land in 1922 and brought about the ride of joint ventures within the industry. The industry worth Rs. 9000 crores was independent upon the agricultural and industrial performance of the economy, the transportation needs and the production of vehicles. The Indian tyre industry is one of the largest in the world with more than 100 million motor vehicles on the Indian roads.  The Indian tyre industry evolves itself around some salient features like: Adaptability Innovativeness Exports Technology progression Wide product range for diverse usage The Indian tyre market can be categorized into three. They are: Original Equipment market Replacement market Export market The Replacement market generates demand to a greater extend as business volume tends to be high (85%), while the Original Equipment market demand is just a linear function of automobile production whose growth is in turn determined by the overall economic situation and the government policy. Globally, the Original Equipment market segment constitutes only 30% of the tyre market and 105 contributions comes from the Replacement market. This normally has placed the retreads in a better position than the tyre industry as a major colossal threat. The Coimbatore based Elgityres and Tread Limited, the largest retread in India is giving the tyre barons sleepless nights. The tyres basically produced in India are: CROSSPLY RADIAL TYRE The CROSSPLY tyres have been used in India for several years. In this, the Polycords run across with each other or diagonally to the outer surface of the tyre. Rayon and Nylon cords are used as the reinforcing medium. These tyres can retread twice during their life time and hence is preferred by Indian transporters who normally overload their trucks. In India, 90-95 percentages of such tyres are sold. The Radial tyres have their cords running radially from bead at 90 degree angle to the rim or along the outer surface of the tyre. The reinforcing mediums used in these tyres are Polyester, Nylon, Fiber Glass and Steel. Thus guaranteeing a longer life time and provide lower fuel consumption, with better control over the vehicle and road holding. The unhealthy condition of the Indian roads has resulted in Radial tyres accounting only five percentage of tyre industry as against a global trend of 60 percentages. The tyre industry is a major consumer of the domestic rubber production. The degree of contribution towards the material content in the Indian tyre industry by the Natural Rubber constitutes about 80% and the remaining 20% contribution is made by the Synthetic Rubber( worldwide, the ratio of Natural Rubber to Synthetic Rubber is 30:70) tyres which are subject to the use of different chemicals. The available local Natural Rubber is an added advantage for the industry, since it amounts to around 255 of the total raw material cost of tyres. On the contrary, Synthetic Rubber accounts to just 40% of the total raw material cost (India imports 60% of its Synthetic Rubber requirements). Apart from rubber, the major raw materials are Nylon Tyre, Code and Carbon Black. These raw materials are used to make the tyre strong and impart tenacity to it, while the latter holds respon sibility for the color of the tyre and also enhance the life span of the tyre. Nylon codes comprise 345 of the total raw material cost, while Carbon Black accounts about 13 percentages. To be concise, the tyre industry in India is highly raw material intensive and its cost directly affects the profitability of tyres. Therefore about 60-70% of the cost of production is from the cost of raw materials itself. Most of the raw materials are petroleum based. So the price of the international crude oil affects the tyre industry at large. Fortunately for the tyre industry, the rubber and carbon black prices have declined considerably. 2.3 PRODUCT PROFILE The company puts out the following offerings which are the major sellers in their segment: 1. MRF NYLON GRIP ZAPPER FS- MOTOR CYCLE TYRE 2. MRF NYLON GRIP ZAPPER FM- MOTOR CYCLE TYRE 3. MRF NYLON GRIP ZAPPER FV-MOTOR CYCLE TYRE 4. MRF MUSCLE ROK – EARTH MOVERS- OTR TYRE 5. MRF MUSCLE ROK- LOADERS- OTR TYRE 6. MRF MUSCLE ROK- X- OTR TYRES 7. MRF SAND GRIP- MULTI TERRIAN- OTR TYRE 8. MRF LEGEND- PASSENGER BIAS 9. MRF ZVTS- PASSENGER TYRE 10. MRF WANDERER- PASSENGER TYRE 11. MRF SUPER MILER – TRUCK TYRE 12. MRF SUPER LUG- 50- TRUCK TYRE 13. MRF SUPER LUG- 78- TRUCK TYRE 14. MRF SUPER LUG- 50 PLUS- TRUCK TYRE 15. MRF SUPER LUG- 50S- TRUCK TYRE 16. MRF STEEL MUSCLE- TRUCK RADIAL TYRES 17. MRF STEEL MASTER – LCV RADIAL 18. MRF ZVGLSK – ECO FRIENDLY PASSENGER TYRE 19. MRF BIG ROVER – JEEP TYRE 20. MRF SHAKTI – TRACTOR FRONT TYRE 21. MRF SAFARI 22. MRF SHAKTI LIFE- TRACTOR, REAR TYRE CHAPTER 3 COMPANY PROFILE CHAPTER 3 COMPANY PROFILE 3.1 MRF LIMITED MRF was started in the year 1946 by Mr.K.M.Mammen Mappillai, a young entrepreneur from central Kerala. The company was started as a toy and balloon manufacturing unit at Tiruvottiyur, Chennai and from 1951 the company took up the manufacture of tread rubber. By 1958, MRF was known as Madras Rubber Factory Limited. Since 1946, MRF has emerged as the largest tyre manufacturer in India and 12th largest in the world. The company caters to all vehicle segments from commercial vehicles and passenger cars to two-three wheelers and tractors. It has also made a strong presence for itself in both the radial and cross ply segments. It boasts of 68 sales centers, 2500 distributors and exports to over 75 countries, a standing testament to MRF’s outstanding leadership. VISION MRF will be significant global player delighting customers worldwide through Leadership in technology World class systems Excellence in manufacturing Driven by a team of motivated high performers, to achieve profitable growth. CORPORATE AND PLANT FUNCTIONS The corporate office is situated at Chennai where Marketing, Exports, Central planning, Engineering, Quality Assurance, Materials, Human Resource and Industrial Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Safety functions are carried out by Technical and Research and Development functions (plant technical) to cater to specific products. THE MUSCLEMAN The mere mention of the word MRF is bound to bring â€Å"The Muscleman† in the mind of Indians. The muscleman evolved in 1964, soon after MRF began manufacturing tyres. During the last 35 years, the â€Å"Muscleman† has evolved from a mere corporate mascot to a symbol of strength, reliability and durability; embedding the quality of tyres that the muscle man represents. The muscleman evolved into a high-tech symbol in the mid-80, a sign of changing times. Its new appearance was a silent testimony to the indomitable spirit that carried MRF across the INR 20 billion mark. The muscleman’s appearance changed once again in 1996, MRF’s golden jubilee year. He started appearing in full form and is now also known affectionately as the MRF tyre man by motorists across India and 65 countries worldwide, which have come to rely on him for sale and comfortable ride. MRF PRODUCTION UNITS Tiruvottiyur : Tamilnadu Arakonam : Tamilnadu Kottayam : Kerala Ponda : Goa Medak : Andhra Pradesh Puducherry :Tamilnadu POLICIES QUALITY POLICY Quality policy of MRF is to maintain market leadership through continuous  quality improvement. To achieve this goal, all the plants and the corporate office shall pay particular attention to the following: Product or process improvement by field or plant performance monitoring and prompt services to the customers Up gradation of machinery to meet the increasing needs of the customer Continuous training of all employees in order to acquire necessary skills and knowledge At the plant level, the respective senior General Manager or General Manager is assigned the responsibility of carrying out the quality system by collaborating with the corporate functions. SAFETY POLICY It is the policy of our company that, the SAFETY AND HEALTH of our employees shall be our FIRST priority. It is the responsibility of everyone in the organization, regardless of the position he occupies, to ensure that everyone in the factory returns home to his beloved ones without any injury that day and every day We shall observe this policy not only in letter but also in spirit and offer ‘ACCIDENT FREE SAFE PRODUCTION’ for the benefit of one and all. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY The environmental policy of MRF is to manufacture our products in an environmentally friendly and safe manner. To achieve this goal, all the MRF plants, together with the corporate office shall: Minimize the impact of our manufacturing activities on the environment, especially the air, water and soil Comply with all applicable regulatory requirements Develop the environmental performance evaluation procedure for the continuous monitoring Up gradation of the machinery and pollution control equipment when required Train all over employees to perform their activities in an environmentally responsible land safe manner At the plant level, the respective Senior General Manager or General Manager is assigned the responsibility of carrying out the environmental system by collaborating with the corporate functions. TRAINING POLICY The training policy of MRF is to provide and develop knowledge, skills and  behavior of their employees to continuously improve their performance. To achieve this goal, all MRF plants together with the corporate office shall: Identify and document training needs of each employee, through competence evaluation each year Design and publish training calendar and schedule Provide training periodicals based on identified needs and as per the documented schedule Monitor and evaluate training process and outcomes to assess and to decide the next training cycle requirement At the plant level, the respective Senior General Manager or General Manager is assigned the responsibility of carrying out the training activities through Human Resource Department of the plant and the corporate office. TMP POLICY A Total Productive Factory where The work environment is pleasant The work force is highly motivated and empowered The machineries are reliable, efficient and precise to meet the increasing customer demand The product satisfies the customers with high quality and best price MAIN CUSTOMERS 1. Volvo 2. Tata Motors 3. Ashok Leyland 4. Mahindra 5. Force Motors COMPETITOR Some of the major competitors of the company are: 1. Michelin 2. AppoloTyres 3. Bridgestone 4. JK Tyres 5. Goodyear 6. CEAT MILESTONE IN THE MRF HISTORY It was in the late 1946 that a young pioneer, K.M.MAMMEN MAPPILLAI started a small toy balloon manufacturing unit in a small shed at Tiruvottiyur in Chennai. 1952: Company ventured into the manufacture of tread rubber  1955:MRF soon becomes the only Indian owned company to manufacture the superior extruded, non-blooming and cushion- backed tread rubber enabling it to compete with the MNC’s operating in India at the same time 1956: The quality of the product was of a high standard that by the close of 1956, MRF had become the market leader with a 50% share of tread rubber market in India. So effectively was MRF’s hold on the market, that the large multinationals had no other option but gradually withdraw from the tread rubber business in India 1961: With the success achieved in tread rubber, MRF entered into the manufacturing of tyres. MRF established a technical collaboration with the Mansfield Tyre and the Rubber Company of USA. Around the same time, MRF also became a public limited company 1963: Pandit JAWAHAR Nehru laid the foundation stone for the rubber research Center at Tiruvottiyur to commemorate the inauguration of the Tiruvottiyur factory 1964: With the commissioning of the main plant in 1964, MRF also made progress in the export of tyres. An overseas office at Beirut was established to develop the export market, and it was amongst India’s very first efforts on tyre exports. This year also marked the birth of the now famous MRF Muscleman. 1967: MRF became the first Indian company to export tyre to USA- the very birth place of tyre technology 1969: MRF factory built at Kottayam 1970: MRF inaugurated its Kottayam unit 1971: MRF gained license to build factory in Goa 1972: MRF’s fourth factory set up at Arakonam 1973: MRF launched India’s first Nylon car tyre 1978: MRF launched Super lug- the country’s largest selling truck tyre 1979: MRF turnover crossed Rs. 100 crores 1980: MRF entered into a technical collaboration with the B.F. Goodrich Tyre Company of USA, which was involved with the development of tyres for the NASA space- shuttle. With this began a significant exercise in quality improvement and new product development. MRF took a major policy decision to be aggressive on the racing circuits 1983: MRF began rapid product  development programme for the new vehicles entering India 1984: MRF sales turnover crossed Rs. 200 crores. MRF tyres were the first tyre selected for the fitment on the Maruthi Suzuki 800 India’s first modern car 1986: MRF was selected by National Institution of Quality Assurance for their most prestigious award. Pitted against 20 tyre companies worldwide, MRF also won 6 quality improvement awards instituted by B.F Goodrich tyre Company from USA 1987: MRF becomes the No.1 tyre company in India. MRF crossed Rs. 300 crores turnover. MRF legend, the Premium Nylon car tyre was introduced 1988: MRF pace foundation was set up, with international pace bowler, Dennis Lillee as its Director. Not long thereafter, pace bowlers trained at the foundation were selected for the Indian Cricket team 1989: MRF medak plant went on stream. Once again recognition of excellence, MRF was awarded the Visveswaraya Award for the Best Business House in South India and the Economic times Harvard Business School Award for the Best Corporate Performance. MRF collaborated with Hasbro international USA, the world’s largest toy makers and launched Funskool India 1993: K.M.MammenMappillai was awarded the Padmashri award of National Recognition for his contribution to industry the only industrialist from South India to be accorded this honor until that time. MRF was selected as one of India’s most admired marketing companies by the readers of the A and M magazine 1996: MRF celebrated 50 years. Turnover touches Rs.2000 crores. A special factory dedicated to the manufacture of radials was started at Pondicherry. MRF tyres were also chosen for fitment on the Ford Escort, Opel Astra and Fiat Uno 1997: MRF launches its first ever F3 car 1998: MRF launches its Super Lug tyre for trucks 1999: MRF was declared the most ethical company by â€Å"Business World† magazine in its survey 2000: MRF launched the smile campaign on Indian roads 2001: MRF won JD power award for customer satisfaction 2002: The MRF Nylogrip Zappers for two wheelers is launched. MRF wins the JD Power Award 2004: MRF’s turn over crossed Rs. 3000 crores 2006: MRF’s turn over crossed Rs. 5000 crores 2008: MRF’s turn over crossed Rs. 6000 crores 2009: In spite of Global meltdown, MRF’s turn over crossed Rs. 6200 crores MRF LIMITED KOTTAYAM UNIT- OVERVIEW MRF Tyres, Kottayam was set up in 1969 on a hill top in the village of Vadavathoor about 7 km from Kottayam town in the state of Kerala. After starting the first MRF unit at Thiruvottiyur in Chennai, MRF management decided to take advantage of low electricity costs, tax concessions on Natural Rubber at no extra transportation cost and the availability of skilled and educated labor and started the second unit of MRF at Kottayam. The unit started off as a factory building with an area of 34200 sq. ft. and a Ban bury of 3A size with a capacity to mix 10 meters a day. Today MRF houses 265 management staff and 1319 regular workers. It started as a small mixing unit growing into a full scaled manufacturing unit producing tyres. It also manufactures tread rubber and with two newly installed Ban bury. It has become one of the most productive plants in India with a record production of tubes. The commissioning of a tyre plant in 1994 marked a new era in the unit’s history. Initially, t ractor tyres were produced, and then diversified into passenger tyres and truck tyres of various types. The Kottayam plant supplies mixed rubber to the other plants of MRF and with the increase of demand the plant had to be augmented. A new plant exclusively for mixing, was built with huge internal mixers and a mixing capacity of 600 tons per day and is one of the largest mixing units in Asia. PLANTS WITHIN THE KOTTAYAM UNIT Tube plant Tyre plant Mixing plant Pre-cured Tread tyre plant The present turnover of finished goods of Kottayam unit is Rs. 650 crores per annum. Kottayam unit has also started Pre-cured tread rubber (PCTR) production in August 1993. KOTTAYAM PLANT FACTS AND FIGURES Built up area 600000 Sq. Ft. Management staff 252 Nos Regular workmen 1115 Nos Casual workman   399 Nos Total Finished goods production 3400 MT/ month Total turnover of finished goods 37 crores/ month Mixed stock sent to other units 7000 MT/ month Tyre Production 52000 Tyres/ month Tubes, Envelopes and curing bags production 263000/ month Flap Production 82000/ month Conventional tread rubber production 160 MT/ month PCTR Production 330 Tonnes/ month Repair Materials 83 Tonnes/ month Vulcanizing Solutions 32500 Litres/ month FIG 2.1 ORGANISATIONAL CHART 3.2 FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS AT MRF LIMITED The organization is made up of different departments. Departmentalization is the grouping together of similar or logically related activities. There are several bases for departmentalization. The different forms of departmentalization are departmentalization by functions, by products, by regions, by process or a combination of any of them. The basic need of department arises because of specialization of work and limitation on the number of sub-ordinates that can be directly controlled by the superior. Departmentation converts the work into manageable units. If there was no departmentation, there would have been serious limitation on the side of the organization. The company is having eight different departments which play a vital role in the development of the company. The different departments are:- 1. Production Department 2. Human Resource Department 3. Accounts and Finance Department 4. Quality Assurance Department 5. Engineering Department 6. Industrial Engineering Department 7. Technical Department 8. Security and Safety Department PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT Among all the functional areas of management, production is considered to be crucial in any industrial organization. Production in terms of economics is the process developed to create a collection of input, which may be energy, capital, information, material, manpower or any other raw materials into a specified set of output produce like finished goods and services in proper quantity quality. Production is the primary function of the company, thus all other functions support the production department in various segments. Pro-duction Department controls the production process by coordinating the activities of other departments. After receiving the marketing or Sales price from corporate office, the annual production plan is made and this will be further broken down into monthly and weekly plan. MRF has production in four plants. They are Tube plant, Tyre plant Mixing plant and PCTR plant FIG 2.2 PRODUCTION PROCESS PLANT 1 TUBE PLANT In this plant artificial rubber called butyl rubber is used for manufacturing of the tubes. It is mixed with carbon black and chemicals and then extruded into various sizes. After sufficient cooling it is sent for pre-cutting to the required length, value fixing and splicing. It is then moved to the freezing table for cooling the splice joint and is shaped to the required size. After this is taken out and kept inside the curing presses for vulcanization. After the set time the tube is unloaded from the press and sent for inspection. The tubes are then deflated using vacuum and the tube core is inserted. The size are segregated and packed as per the standards. FIG 2.3 PLANT 2 TYRE PLANT Grey fabric is passed through calendaring machine for coating both sides with rubber. From there it goes to a machine called the fabric cutter for cutting  it into different lengths as per specifications. Steel wires are passed through bead extruder for coating with rubber and wounded on specific wheels as per the specifications. On tyre build-ing machine, green tyres are made using calendared fabric, bead, tread etc. Green tyres are vulcanized in tyre curing press by steam heated moulds. After this the tyres are inflated to retain its properties by trimming, inspection and dispatch. FIG 2.4 PLANT 3 MIXING PLANT Ordinary rubber is mixed with carbon black, chemicals and the rubber processing oils in the specified quantities into the rubber mix-ing equipment called the ban bury. From there it is dumped into the dump mill and passed through batch of tanks in sheet form for cooling and is then stored in metal skids. Samples from each batch are tested and the batch is certified for use. This compound rubber is sent to the tyre and PCTR plants. FIG 2.5 PLANT 4— PCTR PLANT Pre — cured Tread Rubber (PCTR) is used for re — treading rubber. Compound rubber is used in mixing mills and extruded to the required size using extruders and passed through conveyors for cool-ing. These slugs are stored in leaf trucks for ageing. It is then vulcanized in the curing process. After curing, an excess flash material is trimmed off and goes for inspection. It is then sent to the stretch wrap-ping machine for packing. FIG 2.6 FUNCTIONS OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT The main functions of Production department are: PLANNING FOR PRODUCTION PROCESS: This is based on the monthly plan given by central planning, plant planning department will prepare a simulation plan by dividing the month into 3 segments of 10 days each. The simulation plan given by plant planning for the month is taken as a guide line and each  plant plans the production for each process. The available inventory and the priority of dispatch are taken into consideration while daily schedule is given. Slight changes are made in the simulation plan to reduce the number of sizes running at a time with the objective of improving production efficiency. MATERIAL INDENT AND RECEIPT: The daily requirement of raw materials is calculated on each plant after considering the available inventory and the scheduled production for the next day. Raw material indent is made to raw material store. Raw material stores make arrangements to deliver the indented material at the plant. PROCESSING: Processing is carried out as per the technical specification, BSP (Basic Standard Practice) and the work instruction of the respective department. Set up verification is done for each product and each run. Once the process is stabilized, the process parameters are checked and recorded. If the parameters are as per the specifications, production is continued. If any parameter is not confirming to the specified limits, then necessary correction is made and the production process is resumed. Whenever a machine/ equipment are behaving abnormally, it is informed to the engineering department. If the process variation is abnormal, production is stopped by production supervisor/ quality supervisor/ technical supervisor. The abnormality of machine is rectified by engineering department and the machine is handed over to production. If any non-conformance is noticed in the product, it is held using NCM [Non-Conforming Material] tag. Whenever engineering department notices a machine behaving abnormally, they request production stoppage through a maintenance request PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION AND TRACEABILITY: The objective of proper identification and traceability is to prevent mixing up of products and to ensure traceability of products at various stages. This applies to raw materials, in- process materials and finished goods. For example, in the case of extruded tubes, details like size, month code, year code, plant code, date of extrusion, extruder operator code, and ‘ made from imported Butyl are printed. Traceability is ensured in different ways. For example, while extruding treads, the details of stock (like stock code, date and shift of mixing, batch numbers) used for extruding those treads are entered in the traceability register. CHECKING AND INSPECTION: The activity of inspection covers raw materials, process parameters, in – process materials and finished goods. Inspection is done to ensure that the materials, equipment and storage area are free from any contamination. Proper identification of the materials, FIFO (first in first out), ageing (minimum and maximum), and test status (whether the material is tested and cleared, or is pending for test or is it rejected after testing) are checked. Dimension checking is done during in – process operations. Visual checking is done on in – process materials for defects like cured lumps, air traps, wrinkles, improper cutting etc. process parameters like temperature, pressure, water flow etc are also checked. Visual inspection of finished product is carried out by production department. CONTROL OF NON- CONFIRMING PRODUCTS: During the processing, if any non-conformance is noticed in the product, it is held with a NCM (Non-Conforming Material) tag, which is filled up in duplicate with details like the material that has been held, size/ code, defect, quality held and the location where the material is kept. It has separate space for writing down the disposal and also the disposal follow up. CORRECTIVE AND PREVENTIVE ACTION: Corrective is a required action when a non-conformity is noticed either in process or product, immediate corrective action is taken to rectify the defect, so that the process or product is not affected any further. Preventive action is required when recurring non conformities which are noticed, in process by production, quality, technical or engineering are taken up for discussion in the weekly QA( Quality Assurance) meeting to initiate preventive action in consultation with the concerned departments. In case of occurrence of non-conforming process or product due to operational lapse, the concerned people are trained. In other cases, the proposed preventive action is recorded in the minutes of the meeting and the responsibility of implementing is assigned to the concerned departmental person as decided in the meeting. This is followed up in the  subsequent meetings and reviewed for its effectiveness. If the preventive action calls for a change in p rocedure or work instructions, this is discussed in the weekly Quality Assurance Meeting and a joint decision is taken by the departmental heads. HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT Human resource management perceives organizations in their totality. Every organization requires many things in order to be effective for producing the product or service, financial resources, away of marketing whatever product or service is created by human resource. People are the real assets of an organization. Without human beings the organization cannot attain any progress. The production, technology, financing and customer connection can all be copied easily. But every organization must find effective way to attract, retain and motivate employees. FIG 2.7 FUNCTIONS OF HR DEPARTMENT HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING The Board of Directors, Plant Manager and the HR Manager will decide the number of employees required, their qualification, method of requirement, remuneration etc. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION It is one of the main functions of HR department. In the case of management staff, the functions of recruitment, selection and placement is done by corporate HR department. Induction and orientation is given by plant HR. this is to align the objectives and the goals of the individual with that of the company, so that the synergy produces benefits to the company as well as to the individual. In the case of workmen, selection is done by plant HR department through a written test followed by an interview. Then they are given induction and orientation before being sent to the plant for on the job training. Workers are selected at 100% merit basis. Experience is considered as an additional qualification. MRF provides the tradition of selecting the relatives of the existing employees wherever a vacancy arises provided the relative is fit and suitable for the job. 1. Application Blank 2. Antecedent Verification 3. Medical Checkup 4. Blood Group Testing 5. Reference Letter 6. Recommendation Letter 7. Selection List 8. Physical Examination 9. Selection Interview 10. Appointment TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT A program of training and development is important as it lends stability and flexibility to an organization, besides contributing to its capacity to grow. It is essential to help in developing skills and updating knowledge. Especially in a cut- throat world, an organization must commit resource in employee training and development if it has to maintain a viable knowledge work force. PROCEDURE FOR TRAINING The plant Human Resource Department maintains records of education, experience and training of all personnel. The plant HRD sends competency evaluation forms to all department heads once a year. The significant aspects in each job which affects product quality are identified in various work centers and the significant jobs are listed out. The Department Heads along with the section heads determine the necessary competence required for personnel whose work affects product quality. The competencies of those who perform significant jobs are evaluated and the area in which training is to be imparted is determined for those who fall below the required competency level. These details are sent back to the HRD by concerned department Heads. HRD consolidates the training requirements and a training calendar is prepared. For external training programs wherever required plant sends the details to corporate functional heads for approval and corporate HR arranges the approved training programs. Internal training programs are conducted with either internal or external faculties. Training programs are conducted in accordance with the identified training needs of the employees and also  the company needs (wherever required). Training details are recorded in the training register. The details of the training program attended by each employee are entered in the data base after the training program. Wherever feasible, pre training and post training tests are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the training programs. Wherever pre training and post training are not feasible, training evaluation forms are filled by the participants and sent to plant HR/Corp.HR. New entrants are given orientation training as per the orientation schedule. Monthly reports of the training activities are sent to Corporate HR . MODES OF TRAINING The various modes of training are as follows: a. Knowledge Based training b. Skill based Training (On –the- job and Off- the- job) The methods used in Knowledge Based Training or conceptual training are total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and ISO 9000 to ensure quality to both products and employees. At the same time, Skill Based Training includes mainly Technical Training. On- the -job training is usually meant for the men at work place as well as supervisors. It includes activities, assignments, operations, machinery etc. Off- the- job training is usually given to employees from General Manager to workmen. Off –the- job training consists of class room classes, training, quality training, meetings, behavior based training, external training. WAGE AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION The wages of the workmen is fixed based on the long term agreement. It is paid to the workmen based on the work done on each day as a piece rate system. The work done on each day is recorded in work sheets and it is routed through time office to the accounts section where wages to be paid are calculated and paid. The wages to be paid for the casual workmen is fixed and revised from time to time. In the case of management staff, salary is fixed by the corporate HRD. The plant HRD coordinates the periodic appraisal of performance which is the basis for salary revision. The salary for the staff is paid on the basis of attendance and this is  monitored by time office which is a function of HRD. The time office does the functions of time keeping, attendance monitoring and up keep of leave records. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Performance appraisal is the systematic, periodic and an impartial rating of an employee’s excellence in their allotted work and is treated properly by giving Dearness Allowance, Fringe Benefits, Bonuses and other payments according to the rules and regulations of the company. According to the seniority and performance, an employee gets a shift in his position in the same hierarchy. It depends upon the parameters such as seniority, merit and the suitability of the job. The performance appraisal is done on weekly, monthly, half yearly and yearly basis. INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND LABOUR MANAGEMENT The company has very good cordial industrial relations. The two trade unions of the company are: → MRF Employees Union (INTUC)  Ã¢â€ â€™ MRF employees union (CITU) The trade union consists of an organization. They also have a level of hierarchy. The local leaders of the trade union are the Secretary, Treasurer and a Convener. The external leader comprises of President, Vice President and General Secretary. The workmen category of MRF is controlled by a Long Term Agreement every three years. Negotiations and conciliation between Management and Workmen are made over the table through continued discussions. This is mainly organized by HR with the help of Industrial Engineers and other departments involved. DISCIPLINARY ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS Absenteeism is dealt in MRF in a very strict manner. An employee who absents himself regularly is first called and advised to improve the attendance. After that if he is not improving, a show cause notice issued and asked for written explanation, which has to be submitted within 48 hours of notice. If he still continuous to be absent, he is issued a first warning, then a second warning. After this he will be suspended and if he still has not changed, he will be terminated. This principle is applicable to all the  employees who are irregular and who violate the rules and regulations of the company. The procedure of this rule is descriptive. Employees, who are absent regularly, would be given a show cause notice. A charge sheet is issued upon the receipt of unsatisfactory reply to the show cause notice. A domestic enquiry is also issued. By this procedure, the absentees and those who violate the rules and regulations are made to understand the situation that led them to this conduct. The second show cause notice is issued for the employees to present reasons. If he/she fails to state a convincing reason, then he/she would be suspended or even dismissed from the company. These rules are common for all the employees who are trying to falsify the record or status of the company. The dismissed employee is considered in the case of an assault or making the person a criminal. STATUTORY AND NON STATUTORY WELFARE MEASURES The welfare of labour is the statutory code which is controlled by the Factories Act for the benefit of the employees within the industrial system. Sometimes the living and cultural condition of the employees beyond which is required by the law, keeping in par with the customs of the industry and the conditions of the market. Labour welfare aims at providing the physical, psychological and general well-being of the work population. The welfare officer carries out all the functions and activities related to labour welfare and take care of the physical and general well-being of the employees. The main functions of the Welfare Officer are as follows: The welfare officer helps to maintain a harmonious relationship between the factory management and the workers by establishing contact and holding consultations. To notice the grievance of the workers to the management and act as a Liaison officer between the management and the labour. OTHER WELFARE FACILITIES Loans are given to employees to purchase vehicles for them, educational loans are also provided. Basic essential facilities such as food, shelter, sanitation, recreational facilities, reading facilities are also provided. Workers in the factory are provided with safety gloves, shoes, masks for the accident free working environment. MEDICAL FACILITIES Every employee and his family members are covered under some or other Health Scheme based on the wage package.at the moment if it is below Rs.7500/-they will be covered under ESI scheme. If it is above the limit then a special Medical Insurance Scheme is arranged for them covering the expenses in connection with Hospitalization and Personal Accident. WORKING HOURS The working hours in MRF are divided into 4 shifts, the time allotted to each shift is mentioned under:- General shift -8.00am to 4.30pm First shift -7.00am to 3.00pm Second shift -3.00pm to 11.00am Third shift -11.00pm to 7.00am ACCOUNTS AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT Finance is the life blood of every organization. According to J.F. Brodley â€Å"Financial management is the area of business management devoted to a judicious use of capital and careful selection of the source of capital in order to enable a business firm to move in the direction of reaching its goals†. A firm cannot sustain in the absence of an efficient financial department. Plant account manager is in full charge of various activities done by the accounts department. He verifies the various functions done in each section. He takes decision for maximizing the profit and minimizing the expenses. He makes an important decision. This department keeps accounts of all the financial transactions of the company. The accounting period of MRF is from October 1st of one year to September 31st of the next year. MRF has a fully computerized accounting of production unit starting from the issue of goods received to the final documentation is computerized. Funds obtained for capital structuring for both internal and external sources. The internal sources include capital reserved debentures; shareholders etc. and the  external sources include banks such as SBI, Canara Bank etc. the strategy that the company has adopted is to go for credit transactions and payment will be made within one month time. All the costing taxation, salaries and wages, fringe benefits turnove r details etc are computed and posted by the raw materials stores, engineering stores, shipping departments and engineering departments. Wages, fringe benefits turnover details etc are computed and posted by the raw materials stores, engineering stores, shipping departments and engineering departments. FIG 2.8 FUNCTIONS OF ACCOUNTS AND FINANCE DEPARTMENT * FINANCIAL ACCOUNTS This branch deals with all types of cash payments and receipts. This will include payment for engineering and raw material purchase, petty cash payments, operation and reconciliation of bank accounts, payment to the government in the form of taxes and levies, payment of PF, deduction from salary and payment of loan outstanding and insurance premium of employee, freight payments, payment in lieu of travel bill of employees, canteen expenses, payment to contractors, payment of leave travel allowance, medical re-imbursement etc. cash receipts in the case of scrap sales and any other cash receipt will also come under this branch of accounts. FIG 2.9 FINANCIAL RESULTS 2009-2010 [Rs in crore] 2009 2010 Sales 6141.94 8080.45 Other Income 34.40 41.97 Total Income 6176.34 8122.42 Profit Before Taxation 398.48 534.66 Provision for Taxation 145.45 180.68 Profit after Taxation 253.03 353.98 Share Capital 4.24 4.24 Reserves 1357.18 1686.44 Net Worth 1361.42 1690.68 Fixed Assets Gross 3020.57 3865.62 * COST ACCOUNTS This branch deals with forecasting, budgeting, analyzing and re-porting the income and expenditure of the company. The budget for expenditure is prepared using standard costing principles and it is com-pared with the actual expenditure. Any variation from the budget (whether positive or negative) is analyzed to find the exact reason and it is reported to the top management. * WAGES AND SALARY Computation of wages and salaries is done by this section of accounts departments. Wages of workmen are fixed in the long term agreement and is calculated on a daily basis depending on various factors like grade, number of hours worked, the output achieved etc. * SALES TAX All matters related to sales tax are handled by this section. Monthly returns for sales tax are filed on behalf of sales depots. VAT (Value Added Tax) system has been introduced and all matters related to this are also looked after by this branch of accounts. C forms are issued for purchases from outside the state and F forms are issued for receipt of goods from depots. QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT Quality is considered as the most effective tool to improve productivity, to achieve cost effectiveness, to improve profitability and market share and to remain competitive in the global market. In the business environment of today, quality impacts not only products and services but also many other relevant entities such as process, systems, people and organization. When a person buys our product, he has certain expectations. These are determined by several factors and it de-pends on the intended use of the product. The expectations can be performance, price, dependability, consistency of performance etc. If the product fulfills the customers expectations when it is used, he will be pleased with tile product and will say that product is of good quality. If his expectations are not met he will say that the product is of low quality. FIG 2.10 FUNCTIONS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT The quality system requirements of the customers are collected and all efforts are taken to ensure that the requirements are met. This is done by employing statistical process control techniques and by training the operators. The different functions of quality assurance department are as follows: → To process audit and final product inspection → To improve the profitability of the company by reducing defects and waste generation → To materialize the document called Basic standard practice, which says how the process is to be carried out, what are the ‘do’s and  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœdon’t’s of each process etc → Whenever a process or product does not meet the specifications, the process is stopped and the defective products are kept held using a tag called the NCM (Non-Conforming Material) tag → To check whether the process is carried out in concurrence with the laid down specifications and the basic standard practice → The performance of the product are recorded and monitored on a daily basis so that any abnormal deviation can be easily detected and attacked → To initiate studies for implementing new systems and procedures on the principle of continuous improvement. FMEA (Failure Mode Effect Analysis) is carried out and a control plan is also prepared to ensure that the causes of failure are avoided before they happen → Whenever a tool change is done, the relevant parameters are checked by quality Assurance and certification is done before the commencement of production → Whenever a new machinery is installed, QA carries out the process of industrialization of machinery, in collaboration with engineering and technical department → Audits on suppliers and outside godowns are conducted periodically to ensure that the materials procured are of the required quality and also ensure that they are stored in the manner that does not give room for any determination → Slow moving and non-moving items are tracked at regular intervals to avoid the material getting deteriorated due to prolonged storage and to avoid producing material which is not needed in the market. ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT The functions of Engineering Department are divided into mechanical, electrical, instrumentation, civil and environmental engineer-ing. The main functions are new machinery layout preparation, erection and commissioning of new machinery, preventive maintenance, breakdown maintenance, condition monitoring and overhauling of machinery and other related equipment’s. Erection, commissioning, operation and maintenance of utility items, generators, boilers, compressors, pumps, freezer lines and cooling towers and maintenance of material handling systems are done by engineering departments. The maintenance of equipment’s at pump house and allocation of training centers are also done. FIG 2.11 FUNCTIONS OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE 1. Preventive Maintenance All equipment’s that need preventive maintenance are listed out. It is ensured that the equipment history and manuals are available for all machines. A preventive maintenance schedule is prepared after a careful analysis of breakdowns in the machine and based on the personal experience of the maintenance personnel. Preventive maintenance schedule for the particular week is taken and the necessary materials, tools, manpower and spares are arranged. The necessary clearances are obtained from planning and production of equipment’s and the machine is released for maintenance. The schedule maintenance activities are carried out based on work instructions and experience. Then the machine is checked and handed over to production. Based on the number and nature of breakdowns in each machine during the year, the preventive maintenance schedule reviewed and a new schedule is prepared for the next year. 2. Breakdown Maintenance The defective machinery is identified either by production or by engineering and a maintenance request is generated. In case of production detecting the flow, production raises the maintenance request and in the case of engineering detecting the flow, engineering raises the maintenance request and arranges for the tools, maintenance personnel and spare parts. Then the machine is released for the maintenance. The required maintenance jobs are carried out and the machine is thoroughly checked. If the maintenance is done, then the machine is handed over to the production. Otherwise the necessary rectifications are done again. Every month, down time analysis is done and permanent corrective actions are initiated in the case of recurring failures. CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS FINDINGS MRF Limited is the leading tyre manufacturing company in India which has exports over 75 countries across the world MRF makes tyres for heavy duty trucks, bus, light truck, passenger car to motor cars, rally cars, off the road earth movers, two and three wheelers, farm service and military service Talking about the findings on the infrastructure of the manufacturing plant in Kottayam, there is good working environment for the employees The usage of modern and updated technology, in the field of production process gives a cutting edge to the modernization of the company The improved quality standards of the company show a tremendous achievement in the tyre industry All departments are well structured Good working environment for employees Team effort and honesty in their strength Health and safety of employees are given importance Training programmes and meetings are held subsequently SUGGESTIONS The present strategies of the company in various segments should be improvised especially in the case of setting up a marketing development in the unit The company should maintain better tie ups with the dealers and subsidiary institutions More attractive advertisements in media would help in marketing The company website should be updated often Motivational incentives should be given to the best performers in the organization as it could be the best way to do performance appraisal to figure out if more productivity of the work is being performed It is better to provide a collaborative system and approach to the current limitations of the work methods and need to support track and achieve the revision work It is better to diversify MRF products to avoid the limitations of current exports CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION MRF has been the potential market leader and the trend setter in the tyre industry for the last 21 years inspite of the emergence of competitors and their competition. The company has a considerable lead over the arch rivals in the tyre market but has a stiff competition from the other global players. The clinical performance of the company is only because of the combined efforts of management and its employees. MRF has been successful in providing high quality and technology superior products to the customers. Being driven by technology and product innovation, every tyre that comes out is of the highest standards and tested to the toughest conditions to take on any role. Hence it is clearly visible that the company is in the forefront of the tyre industry and hope that it is going to continue the same impact in each segment of the tyre industry for a long time. The organizational study at MRF Limited, Kottayam, which helped me in gaining awareness of the functioning of different dep artment in the unit and give an outlook of the various modes of work being performed at managerial level, middle level and at the bottom level of the organization. The study has helped me to get a clear picture of the objectives and policies of the company and the mission of MRF and that is to maintain market leadership in the long run.